In vivo multiphoton microscopy of cardiomyocyte calcium dynamics in the beating mouse heart
We demonstrated intravital multiphoton microscopy in the beating heart in an intact mouse and optically measured action potentials with GCaMP6f, a genetically-encoded calcium indicator. Images were acquired at 30 fps with spontaneous heart beat and continuously running ventilated breathing. The data were reconstructed into three-dimensional volumes showing tissue structure, displacement, and GCaMP activity in cardiomyocytes as a function of both the cardiac and respiratory cycle.
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