Pathogenic mutations in Clathrin Heavy Chain associated with intellectual disability impair synaptic architecture and learning in Drosophila
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for neural development and function. Recent studies have linked de novo mutations in the clathrin heavy chain (Chc) gene to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study we have modelled two pathogenic mutations: L1047P and W1108R in Drosophila melanogaster and examined their effects on vesicle dynamics, ligand uptake, neuronal development and memory formation. Our data shows that expression of these mutant forms of Chc result in reduced survival and defective learning when expressed ubiquitously or exclusively in neurons. Our analysis also reveals that these mutations have the ability to disrupt vesicle dynamics and reduce ligand uptake in cells. Although we do not see a defect in neuronal morphology and function at the larval neuro-muscular junction, we see an increase in the number of Dlg-negative boutons, and a significant reduction in Spectrin expression, indicative of disruptions in the process of synapse maturation. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insights into the cellular and molecular basis of Chc-related neurodevelopmental disorders.