Mesoscale landscaping of the TRIM protein family reveals a novel human condensatopathy
The mesoscale organization of cells is central to cellular physiology and pathology. Cellular condensates often form via biomolecular phase separation, mediated by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and represent a key mechanism for mesoscale organization. The TRI-partite Motif (TRIM) family of ubiquitin ligases is implicated in diverse cellular functions and disease, yet the role of biomolecular condensation in TRIM family organization remains understudied. Here, we systematically investigate the mesoscale localization of 72 TRIM proteins, revealing that a majority form condensates in distinct cellular compartments. IDR content correlates with dynamic condensate formation, suggesting a critical role in mesoscale organization. Focusing on TRIM8, associated with a neuro-renal disorder, we demonstrate that disease-causing truncations of the TRIM8 C-terminal IDR result in a condensatopathy, characterized by disrupted condensation, proteasomal regulation, and TAK1/NF{kappa}B signaling. Functional assays in cellular and animal models link these disruptions to podocyte dysfunction and impaired response to injury. Our findings establish a framework for understanding condensatopathies and the mesoscale principles governing TRIM family organization and function.