Biology subjects

Shisler, J. L.

Publications and source records attributed to Shisler, J. L..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Target-enriched metagenomics-informed qPCR detects rare, potentially dangerous β-lactamase genes in wastewater

The rapid emergence of novel antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) decreases the effectiveness of empirical antibiotic treatment for pathogen infections. Environmental ARG surveillance is an early-warning approach that can better inform antibiotic usage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is widely used for ARG surveillance because qPCR is easy, fast, and highly sensitive. However, it can only identify DNA targeted by pre-selected primers. In contrast, metagenomic sequencing can identify ARGs agnostically. However, sequencing is more expensive, less sensitive, and requires lengthy analysis of complex data sets. Target-enrichment metagenomic sequencing (TEMS), a method we developed previously, can mitigate the disadvantage of low sensitivity of traditional metagenomic sequencing. In this study, we propose a hybrid ARG surveillance pipeline for wastewater that capitalizes on both TEMS and qPCR. It uses a large-scale target determination of ARGs by using TEMS, followed by fine-scale routine surveillance of ARGs using qPCR. To connect the two steps, we developed a primer design tool, MSEDAP, which automatically analyzes metagenomic sequencing data and designs qPCR primers for ARG surveillance. This new workflow was ground-truthed using wastewater samples. TEMS identified seventeen {beta}-lactamase gene targets of potential clinical importance. qPCR validated their presence and abundance using primers generated by MSEDAP. SynopsisA metagenomics-qPCR hybrid scheme can be used for environmental surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to discover emerging ARGs originating from communities. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=110 SRC="FIGDIR/small/665820v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (29K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@625e06org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ae34aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d03e7borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b625a9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Enhanced detection for antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater samples using CRISPR-enriched metagenomic method

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a global public health concern. To date, over 5,000 genes have been identified to express resistance to antibiotics. ARGs are usually low in abundance for wastewater samples, making them difficult to detect. Metagenomic sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), two conventional ARG detection methods, have low sensitivity and low throughput limitations, respectively. We developed a CRISPR-Cas9-modified next-generation sequencing (NGS) method to enrich the targeted ARGs during library preparation. The false negative and false positive of this method were determined based on a mixture of bacterial isolates with known whole-genome sequences. Low values of both false negative (2/1,208) and false positive (1/1,208) proved the methods reliability. We compared the results obtained by this CRISPR-NGS and the conventional NGS method for six untreated wastewater samples. As compared to the ARGs detected in the same samples using the regular NGS method, the CRISPR-NGS method found up to 1,189 more ARGs and up to 61 more ARG families in low abundances, including the clinically important KPC beta-lactamase genes in the six wastewater samples collected from different sources. Compared to the regular NGS method, the CRISPR-NGS method lowered the detection limit of ARGs from the magnitude of 10-4 to 10-5 as quantified by qPCR relative abundance. The CRISPR-NGS method is promising for ARG detection in wastewater. A similar workflow can also be applied to detect other targets that are in low abundance but of high diversity.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Inactivation mechanism and efficacy of grape seed extract for Human Norovirus surrogate

Proper disinfection of harvested food and water is critical to minimize infectious disease. Grape seed extract (GSE), a commonly used health supplement, is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols. Polyphenols possess anti-microbial and -fungal properties, but anti-viral effects are not well-known. Here we show that GSE outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. GSE induced virus aggregation, an event that correlated with a decrease in virus titers. This aggregation and disinfection was not reversible. Molecular docking simulations indicate that polyphenols potentially formed hydrogen bonds and strong hydrophobic interactions with specific residues in viral capsid proteins. Together, these data suggest that polyphenols physically associate with viral capsid proteins to aggregate viruses as a means to inhibit virus entry into the host cell. Plant-based polyphenols like GSE are an attractive alternative to chemical disinfectants to remove infectious viruses from water or food. ImportanceHuman noroviruses are major food- and water-borne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols that is used as a health supplement. Polyphenols are known for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities, but antiviral effects are not well-known. In studies here, plant-derived polyphenols outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. Based on data from additional molecular assays and molecular docking simulations, the current model is that the polyphenols in GSE bind to the Tulane virus capsid, an event that triggers virion aggregation. It is thought that this aggregation prevents Tulane virus from entering host cells.

biochemistry↗