Methacrylic acid-based biomaterials promote peripheral innervation in the subcutaneous space of mice
Peripheral nerve innervation is essential for regulating tissue repair and regeneration. MAA-based biomaterials have been previously shown to promote angiogenesis. Here we show a new role for MAA-based biomaterials in promoting terminal axon nerve growth. Our results demonstrate that MAA-based biomaterials promote peripheral nerve growth in an Igf-1 and Shh dependent manner. The resulting nerves increased the sensitivity of treated mice paws to nociception. iDISCO clearing showed that MAA increased the presence of peripheral nerve structures in whole explants. MAA was also able to increase the expression of key neuronal markers and growth factors in a peripheral neuropathy model, the diabetic db/db mouse, suggesting that MAA-based biomaterials may be relevant to treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, in a peripheral neuropathy model, MAA was able to up-regulate the expression of growth factors for an extended duration suggesting MAA may prevent degeneration through an effect on factors that promote survival. As all tissues are innervated, MAA-based biomaterials could have broad applications in the promoting regeneration and preventing degeneration of peripheral nerves. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIMethacrylic acid-based biomaterials promote axon growth in-situ without exogenous growth factors or cells C_LIO_LIMethacrylic acid-based biomaterial induced terminal axon growth displays nociception, an indicator of functional outgrowth C_LIO_LIMethacrylic acid-based biomaterials terminal axon growth is Igf-1 and Shh driven C_LI