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Sedio, B. E.

Publications and source records attributed to Sedio, B. E..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

What drives variation in conspecific negative density-dependence? A demographic perspective

Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), the reduced survival of juvenile trees at high conspecific density, is considered a key force maintaining plant diversity. Variation in CNDD across species and environments is typically attributed to variation in sensitivities to natural enemies (e.g. pathogen transmission/virulence) or sensitivity to intraspecific competition. We show that the density-independent component of vital rates -- baseline mortality and growth -- substantially alters the cumulative consequences of conspecific density on survival, independently of any change in instantaneous sensitivity to conspecific crowding. This reflects genuine demographic effects on opportunities for crowding to shape survival, and on population characteristics shaping the negative influence of conspecifics, such as infection prevalence and size structure. It is not an artifact of how CNDD is measured. Our results, derived from a pathogen model and a size-structured seedling model, provide a demographic framework for assessing potential drivers of CNDD variation among species and across abiotic gradients.

ecology↗

eCOMET: An R package for evaluating metabolic diversity and enrichment from LC-MS/MS data to test ecological hypotheses from individuals to ecosystems

O_LIMethods in metabolomics have grown exponentially in recent years, providing new insight into the ecological function and evolutionary impact of diverse plant metabolites. Metabolomics requires a command of numerous tools, the outputs of which are typically integrated through in-house, custom code that presents a workflow bottleneck and a barrier to entry for researchers in ecology, evolution, and behavior who may benefit from adding a metabolomics perspective to their research. C_LIO_LIWe introduce eCOMET, an R package for integrating and harmonizing the outputs of common metabolomics bioinformatics tools and conducting statistical analyses and data visualization methods useful for ecological metabolomics. C_LIO_LIOur package combines metabolome feature metadata with quantification tables (e.g., mzmine), feature dissimilarity matrices (e.g., modified cosine and DreaMS), and feature annotations (e.g., SIRIUS) into a cohesive R data object to facilitate downstream analyses, including the calculation of diversity and disparity metrics and differential accumulation analysis. C_LIO_LIOur goal is to make metabolomics accessible to a wider range of researchers in ecology, evolution, and behavior to unlock the potential of ecological metabolomics to generate novel insight in these fields. C_LI

ecology↗

Environmental drivers of metabolomic profiles within and between cryptic lineages of Montastraea cavernosa, the great star coral

Reef restoration practitioners aim to preserve coral genetic diversity by protecting reefs and cultivating diverse genotypes in coral nurseries. However, cryptic genetic lineages in most corals complicate restoration strategies, as the role of between-lineage genetic divergence remains unclear regarding adaptation. In Montastraea cavernosa, researchers have identified cryptic lineages, some strongly segregated by depth. We conducted a ten-week reciprocal transplantation experiment using two cryptic lineages restricted to shallow water (<10m depth), with one lineage more common on nearshore reefs and the other on offshore reefs. We aimed to quantify lineage-specific responses to the environment that explain the genetic and ecological divergence between the two lineages. Surprisingly, the strongest response was not lineage-specific. Instead, both lineages exhibited strong and similar changes in growth and metabolomic profiles, depending on the transplantation habitat. These results suggest that cryptic lineages employ similar mechanisms of adaptation and acclimatization to environmental challenges, despite their genetic distinction.

ecology↗

Passive accumulation of alkaloids in putatively non-toxic frogs challenges paradigms of the origins of acquired chemical defenses

Understanding the origins of novel, complex phenotypes is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae have evolved the novel ability to acquire alkaloids from their diet for chemical defense at least three times. However, taxon sampling for alkaloids has been biased towards colorful species, without similar attention paid to inconspicuous ones that are often assumed to be undefended. As a result, our understanding of how chemical defense evolved in this group is incomplete. Here we provide new data showing that, in contrast to previous studies, species from each undefended poison frog clade have measurable yet low amounts of alkaloids. We confirm that undefended dendrobatids regularly consume mites and ants, which are known sources of alkaloids. Thus, our data suggest that diet is insufficient to explain the defended phenotype. Our data support the existence of a phenotypic intermediate between toxin consumption and sequestration -- passive accumulation -- that differs from sequestration in that it involves no derived forms of transport and storage mechanisms yet results in low levels of toxin accumulation. We discuss the concept of passive accumulation and its potential role in the origin of chemical defenses in poison frogs and other toxin-sequestering organisms. In light of ideas from pharmacokinetics we incorporate new and old data from poison frogs into an evolutionary model that could help explain the origins of acquired chemical defenses in animals and provide insight into the molecular processes that govern the fate of ingested toxins. ResumenComprender los origenes de fenotipos novedosos y complejos es un objetivo central en biologia evolutiva. Las ranas venenosas de la familia Dendrobatidae han desarrollado una novedosa habilidad para adquirir alcaloides de su dieta como defensas quimicas, al menos tres veces. Sin embargo, el muestreo de taxones en busca de alcaloides ha estado sesgado hacia las especies coloridas, sin prestar atencion similar a las poco conspicuas que a menudo se presume, no tienen defensas. Como resultado, nuestra comprension de como evolucionan las defensas quimicas en este grupo es incompleta. Aqui, proporcionamos nuevos datos que muestran que, en contraste con estudios anteriores, las especies de cada clado de ranas venenosas no defendidas tienen cantidades bajas pero cuantificables de alcaloides. Confirmamos que los dendrobatidos no defendidos consumen regularmente acaros y hormigas, que son fuentes conocidas de alcaloides. Por lo tanto, nuestros datos sugieren que la dieta es insuficiente para explicar el fenotipo defendido. Nuestros datos respaldan la existencia de un fenotipo intermedio entre consumo y secuestro de toxinas (acumulacion pasiva), que difiere del secuestro en que no implica formas derivadas de mecanismos de transporte y almacenamiento, pero da lugar a bajos niveles de acumulacion de toxinas. Discutimos el concepto de acumulacion pasiva y su potencial rol en el origen de defensas quimicas en ranas venenosas y otros organismos que secuestran toxinas. Considerando ideas de farmacocinetica, incorporamos datos nuevos y antiguos de ranas venenosas dentro de un modelo evolutivo que podria ayudar a explicar los origenes de defensas quimicas adquiridas en animales, y proporcionar una vision de los procesos moleculares que regulan el destino de las toxinas ingeridas.

evolutionary biology↗

plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants

Understanding the distribution of hundreds of thousands of plant metabolites across the plant kingdom presents a challenge. To address this, we curated publicly available LC-MS/MS data from 19,075 plant extracts and developed the plantMASST reference database encompassing 246 botanical families, 1,469 genera, and 2,793 species. This taxonomically focused database facilitates the exploration of plant-derived molecules using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. This tool will aid in drug discovery, biosynthesis, (chemo)taxonomy, and the evolutionary ecology of herbivore interactions.

plant biology↗

Ecological metabolomics of tropical tree communities across an elevational gradient: Implications for chemically-mediated biotic interactions and species diversity

Seminal hypotheses in ecology and evolution postulate that stronger and more specialized biotic interactions contribute to higher species diversity at lower elevations and latitudes. Plant-chemical defenses mediate biotic interactions between plants and their natural enemies and provide a highly dimensional trait space in which chemically mediated niches may facilitate plant species coexistence. However, the role of chemically mediated biotic interactions in shaping plant communities remains largely untested across large-scale ecological gradients. To test this hypothesis, we used ecological metabolomics to quantify the chemical dissimilarity of foliar metabolomes among 473 tree species (906 unique species-plot combinations) in 16 tropical tree communities along an elevational gradient in Madidi National Park, Bolivia. We predicted that chemical dissimilarity among co-occurring tree species would be greater, and chemical phylogenetic signal lower, in communities with greater tree species richness and warmer, wetter, and less-seasonal climates, as pressure from natural enemies is likely to be greater in these locales. Further, we predicted that these relationships should be especially pronounced for secondary metabolites derived from biosynthetic pathways known to include anti-herbivore and antimicrobial defenses than for primary metabolites. We found that median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to all metabolites and secondary metabolites increased with tree species richness, decreased with elevation, and increased along a principal component of climatic variation that reflected increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality. In contrast, median chemical dissimilarity among tree species with respect to primary metabolites was unrelated to tree species richness, elevation, or the principal component of climatic variation. Furthermore, phylogenetic signal of secondary and primary metabolites decreased with tree species richness. Among tree communities in moist forests, phylogenetic signal of secondary metabolites also increased with elevation and decreased with the temperature and precipitation. Our results support the hypothesis that chemically mediated biotic interactions shape elevational diversity gradients by imposing stronger selection for interspecific divergence in plant chemical defenses in warmer, wetter, and more stable climates. Our study also illustrates the promise of ecological metabolomics in the study of biogeography, community ecology, and complex species interactions in high-diversity ecosystems.

ecology↗

Comparative metabolomics of forest communities: Species differences in foliar chemistry are greater in the tropics.

Interspecific variation in the secondary metabolites of plants constrains host specificity of insect herbivores and microbial pathogens. The intensity and specificity of these plant-pest interactions is widely believed to increase towards the Equator, leading to the prediction that secondary metabolites should differ more among co-occurring plant species in tropical communities than in temperate communities. To evaluate this prediction, we quantified metabolomic similarity for 203 tree species that represent >89% of all individuals in large forest plots in Maryland and Panama. We constructed molecular networks based on mass spectrometry of all 203 species, quantified metabolomic similarity for all pairwise combinations of species, and evaluated how pairwise metabolomic similarity varies phylogenetically. Leaf metabolomes exhibited clear phylogenetic signal for the temperate plot, with high similarity among congeneric species. In contrast, leaf metabolomes lacked phylogenetic signal for the tropical plot, with low similarity among congeners. Our results suggest that species differences in secondary chemistry comprise important axes of niche differentiation among tropical trees, especially within species-rich genera, and that the contribution of species differences in secondary chemistry to niche differences increases towards the equator in forest tree communities.

ecology↗