Biology subjects

Schuster-Boeckler, B.

Publications and source records attributed to Schuster-Boeckler, B..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Single cell RNA-seq reveals profound transcriptional similarity between Barretts esophagus and esophageal glands

Barretts esophagus is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this common condition, squamous epithelium in the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium in response to acid reflux. Barretts esophagus is highly heterogeneous and its relationships to normal tissues are unclear. We investigated the cellular complexity of Barretts esophagus and the upper gastrointestinal tract using RNA-sequencing of 2895 single cells from multiple biopsies from four patients with Barretts esophagus and two patients without esophageal pathology. We found that uncharacterised cell populations in Barretts esophagus, marked by LEFTY1 and OLFM4, exhibit a profound transcriptional overlap with a subset of esophageal cells, but not with gastric or duodenal cells. Additionally, SPINK4 and ITLN1 mark cells that precede morphologically identifiable goblet cells in colon and Barretts esophagus, potentially aiding the identification of metaplasia. Our findings reveal striking transcriptional relationships between normal tissue populations and cells in a premalignant condition, with implications for clinical practice.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2018

Bisulfite-free, Base-resolution, and Quantitative Sequencing of Cytosine Modifications

The deamination of unmodified cytosine to uracil by treatment with bisulfite has for decades been the gold standard for sequencing epigenetic DNA modifications including 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). However, this harsh chemical reaction degrades the majority of the DNA and generates sequencing libraries with low complexity. Here, we present a novel bisulfite-free and base-resolution sequencing method, TET Assisted Pic-borane Sequencing (TAPS), for detection of 5mC and 5hmC. TAPS relies on mild reactions, detects modifications directly without affecting unmodified cytosines and can be adopted to detect other cytosine modifications. Compared with bisulfite sequencing, TAPS results in higher mapping rates, more even coverage and lower sequencing costs, enabling higher quality, more comprehensive and cheaper methylome analyses.\n\nOne Sentence SummaryA bisulfite-free and base-resolution method to directly sequence epigenetically modified cytosine.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2017

The effects of mutational process and selection on driver mutations across cancer types

Epidemiological evidence has long associated environmental mutagens with increased cancer risk. However, links between specific mutation-causing processes and the acquisition of individual driver mutations have remained obscure. Here we have used public cancer sequencing data to infer the independent effects of mutation and selection on driver mutation complement. First, we detect associations between a range of mutational processes, including those linked to smoking, ageing, APOBEC and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the presence of key driver mutations across cancer types. Second, we quantify differential selection between well-known alternative driver mutations, including differences in selection between distinct mutant residues in the same gene. These results show that while mutational processes play a large role in determining which driver mutations are present in a cancer, the role of selection frequently dominates.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2017

BEARscc: Robustness Of Single-Cell Clusters Determined Using Simulated Technical Replicates

Technical variance is a major confounding factor in single-cell RNA sequencing, not least because it is not possible to replicate measurements on the same cell. We present BEARscc, a tool that uses RNA spike-in controls to simulate experiment-specific technical replicates. We demonstrate that the tool improves the unsupervised classification of cells and facilitates the biological interpretation of single-cell RNA-seq experiments.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2017

Widespread impact of DNA replication on mutational mechanisms in cancer

DNA replication plays an important role in mutagenesis, yet little is known about how it interacts with other mutagenic processes. Here, we use somatic mutation signatures - each representing a mutagenic process - derived from 3056 patients spanning 19 cancer types to quantify the asymmetry of mutational signatures around replication origins and between early and late replicating regions. We observe that 22 out of 29 mutational signatures are significantly impacted by DNA replication. The distinct associations of different signatures with replication timing and direction around origins shed new light on several mutagenic processes, for example suggesting that oxidative damage to the nucleotide pool substantially contributes to the mutational landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Together, our results indicate an involvement of DNA replication and associated damage repair in most mutagenic processes.

cancer biology↗