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Schoenfelder, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Schoenfelder, J..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Protease Resistance of ex vivo Amyloid Fibrils implies the proteolytic Selection of disease-associated Fibril Morphologies

Several studies recently showed that ex vivo fibrils from patient or animal tissue were structurally different from in vitro formed fibrils from the same polypeptide chain. Analysis of serum amyloid A (SAA) and A{beta}-derived amyloid fibrils additionally revealed that ex vivo fibrils were more protease stable than in vitro fibrils. These observations gave rise to the proteolytic selection hypothesis that suggested that disease-associated amyloid fibrils were selected inside the body by their ability to resist endogenous clearance mechanisms. We here show, for more than twenty different fibril samples, that ex vivo fibrils are more protease stable than in vitro fibrils. These data support the idea of a proteolytic selection of pathogenic amyloid fibril morphologies and help to explain why only few amino acid sequences lead to amyloid diseases, although many, if not all, polypeptide chains can form amyloid fibrils in vitro.

biochemistry↗

Reversible two-state folding of the ultrafast protein gpW under mechanical force

Ultrafast folding proteins have limited cooperativity and thus are excellent models to resolve, via single-molecule experiments, the fleeting molecular events that proteins undergo during folding. Here we report single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments on gpW, a protein that, in bulk, folds in a few microseconds over a marginal folding barrier (~1 kBT). Applying pulling forces of only 5 pN we maintain gpW in quasi-equilibrium near its mechanical unfolding midpoint, and detect how it interconverts stochastically between the folded and an extended state. This binary pattern indicates that, under an external force, gpW (un)folds over a significant free energy barrier. Using molecular simulations and a theoretical model we rationalize how force induces such barrier in an otherwise downhill free energy surface. Force-induced folding barriers are likely a general occurrence for ultrafast folding biomolecules studied with single molecule force spectroscopy.

biophysics↗