Biology subjects

Schoene, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Schoene, C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

PSD-95 drives binocular vision maturation critical for predation

Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is a signalling scaffold within the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses which drives silent synapse maturation during critical periods (CP). Binocularity develops during visual CPs and matures before its closure. Despite lifelong critical period plasticity, PSD-95 knock-out (KO) mice were reported with only subtle sensory phenotypes as adults. To assess PSD-95s role in ethologically relevant binocular visual processing, we compared prey capture behaviour in PSD-95 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. KO mice were profoundly impaired in diverse epochs of predatory behaviour, but exhibited improved prey localisation under monocular conditions, reminiscent of impaired binocular integration. This was confirmed in an orientation discrimination task, where KO mice were impaired binocularly but performed monocularly like WT mice. Furthermore, binocular orientation discrimination was impaired after knocking down PSD-95 in primary visual cortex (V1), while a superior colliculus-specific knock-down had no effect. These results support an essential role of PSD-95 in binocular behaviour, which becomes evident under ethologically demanding behaviours.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

More running causes more ocular dominance plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex: new gated running wheel setup allows to quantify individual running behaviour of group-housed mice

Environmental enrichment boosts neuronal plasticity of standard-cage raised (SC) mice. Since it becomes increasingly more important to track individual mouse behaviours and its influence on brain plasticity, we designed a gated running wheel (gRW) setup allowing to correlate wheel running with neuronal plasticity, using the established paradigm of ocular dominance (OD)-plasticity after monocular deprivation (MD). After SC-rearing until adulthood (>P110), group-housed mice were transferred to gRW cages, that provided an additional running wheel compartment for tracking individual wheel activity via implanted RFID chips. Notably, individual running parameters varied enormously: mice ran from close to 0 to [~]20 km across the 7 days of gRW experience, with on average running 0-3.96 km in 0-3.85 h/d and running bouts lasting from <1 up to 10 min, while running at a speed of 6-26 cm/s. OD-plasticity in V1 after 7 days of MD in the gRW was visualized using intrinsic signal optical imaging, and compared to control gRW-mice without MD via calculation of an OD-index. Most, notably - while wheel running enabled OD-plasticity -individual running parameters correlated with individual OD-indices after MD: Mice running longer distances, for longer time, at higher speeds and with longer and more frequent bouts displayed more experience-dependent V1-plasticity. In turn, a composite measure of overall running wheel activity derived from principal component analysis of running parameters accounted for 65% of inter-individual variability of OD-index following MD. Together our study demonstrates that interindividual variability of running behaviour is high, and mice intrinsically motivated to run more show enhanced V1-plasticity, underscoring the huge importance of analysing individual behavioural parameters together with any measure of brain plasticity. End Graphical abstract With our newly developed gated running wheel setup, we observed a striking correlation between individual running activity, and a measure of experience dependent plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex. More running caused more plasticity: running speed, running distance, total running time, number of running bouts and bout duration all correlated with a measure of visual cortical plasticity, the ocular dominance index. Thus, our observations add to the growing body of evidence that individual behavioural choices strongly affect individual brain plasticity. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=149 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/647197v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (21K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e1045dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e5af90org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1693a46org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@170ec3d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Nature AND Nurture: Enabling formate-dependent growth in Methanosarcina acetivorans

Methanogenic archaea are crucial in global carbon cycling as around 1 Gt of the potent greenhouse gas, methane, is produced annually. Major contributors belong to the order Methanosarcinales, which contain some of the most versatile methanogens that are capable of acetotrophic, methylotrophic and CO2-reducing methanogenesis. The genetically tractable model methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans, by its nature shows versatility in substrate utilization and energy conservation pathways but cannot utilize formate. In this study, we expanded the primary metabolism of M. acetivorans to include formate-dependent methanogenesis. By introducing an exogenous formate dehydrogenase, the two metabolically engineered M. acetivorans strains acquired the capacity for formate-dependent methanogenesis pathways with one capable of formate-dependent methyl-reduction and the other capable of formate-dependent CO2-reduction. Through nurturing the strain capable of CO2-reduction with adaptive laboratory evolution, we were able to enable growth and methanogenesis of M. acetivorans solely on formate, a metabolism only reported in methanogens without cytochromes which are limited by their versatility. M. acetivorans also showed acetogenic potential where the formate-dependent CO2-reducing strain was able to divert {approx} 10% of carbon to acetate instead of methane. Our results show that even though M. acetivorans lacks energy converting hydrogenase and cannot use H2, it has yet-uncharacterized capacity to obtain reduced ferredoxins from oxidizing formate. Our work encourages reevaluation of our understanding of formate utilization in Methanosarcinales. By enabling formate-dependent methanogenesis, we have expanded the substrate spectrum of a versatile model methanogen with cytochromes to include formate as well.

microbiology↗