Lithic bacterial communities: ecological aspects focusing on Tintenstrich communities
Tintenstrich communities (TC) are mainly composed by Cyanobacteria developing on the rock substrate and forming physical structures strictly connected to the rock itself. Endolithic and epilithic bacterial communities are important because they contribute to nutrients release within run-off waters flowing on the rock surface. Despite them being ubiquitous, little information about their ecology and main characteristics is available. In this paper, we characterized the bacterial communities of rock surfaces of TC in Switzerland through Illumina sequencing and investigated their bacterial community composition on two substrate types (silicious and limestone rocks) through multivariate models. Our results show that Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria are the predominant phyla in this environment. Bacterial alpha diversity was higher on limestone than on siliceous rock, and beta diversity of siliceous rock varied with changes in rock surface structure. Here we provide novel insights into the bacterial community composition of TC, their differences from other lithic communities, and the effects of the rock substrate and structure.