Biology subjects

Sasabe, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Sasabe, J..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Chiral shift toward D-serine reflects intrathecal inflammation in multiple sclerosis and counteracts motor impairment in a murine model

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory demyelination involving complex interplay between the central nervous and immune systems. Neuroinflammation triggers cellular reorganization requiring O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine for sustained syntheses of membrane lipids and nucleic acids, whereas it causes aberrant glutamatergic neurotransmission involving O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine. However, significance of serine metabolism in MS pathology remains unexplored. Here we show that serine chiral homeostasis is disrupted in MS and endogenous O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine prevents motor deficits caused by inflammatory demyelination. We found in a large cohort study that patients with MS exhibit elevated O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine levels and the O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-/total serine ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid at diagnosis. Steric deviation toward O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine accords with emergence of the intrathecal inflammatory marker oligoclonal bands, and correlates negatively with proinflammatory cytokines. An in vivo animal model of MS, genetically engineered to exhibit distinct metabolic states of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine, revealed that endogenous O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine synthesis mitigates the progression of motor deficits and suppresses proinflammatory and vascular endothelial pathogenic signaling. Moreover, pre-symptomatic oral supplementation with O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine, but not O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine, enhances production of extracellular matrices, preserves integrity of the blood brain barrier, attenuates demyelination, and improves motor function. Contrary to the previously recognized neurotoxic nature of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine, our findings reveal an unrecognized significance of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine metabolism in MS and a protective function of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine against neuroinflammation involving disruption of the blood brain barrier, which may present an untapped therapeutic target in MS. One Sentence SummarySerine chiral homeostasis is disturbed in multiple sclerosis and O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine mitigates inflammatory demyelination.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Serine chirality guides metabolic flow between one-carbon metabolism and neuromodulator synthesis

O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine serves as a central metabolic node that integrates glycolytic flux, lipid metabolism, and one-carbon metabolism. In the mature central nervous system, O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine is actively stereo-converted to O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine, which functions as a neurotransmitter. However, the role of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine in cellular metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine competes with mitochondrial O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine transport, thereby suppressing one-carbon metabolism. Metabolomic analysis revealed that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine reduces intracellular glycine and formate levels, indicating inhibition of the initial step of the one-carbon pathway. Molecular dynamics simulations and enzymatic assays revealed that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine has low affinity for serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (Shmt2), which catalyzes the first step in mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism, and does not directly inhibit its activity. Instead, membrane transport assays demonstrated that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine competes with mitochondrial O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine transport, depleting the substrate of Shmt2. Functionally, under O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine poor conditions in vitro and ex vivo, O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine inhibited the proliferation of immature and undifferentiated neural cells including glioblastoma stem cells, which depend highly on one-carbon metabolism. Notably, endogenous O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine levels were low during early neurodevelopment, but increased with maturation, coinciding with a shift in the transcriptional profiles of serine metabolic enzymes at the cellular level. Given that O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-serine supports neurodevelopment and O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine modulates neurotransmission, this developmental shift in serine enantiomer metabolism appears to align with the functional transitions of the maturing nervous system. Thus, our findings reveal that serine chirality can influence mitochondrial substrate availability and one-carbon flux, offering previously unappreciated insight into the stereoselective regulation of cellular metabolism.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2023

D-Serine agonism of GluN1-GluN3 NMDA receptors regulates the activity of enteric neurons and coordinates gut motility

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of diverse molecularly defined classes of neurons embedded in the gastrointestinal wall and responsible for controlling the major functions of the gut. As in the central nervous system, the vast array of ENS neurons is interconnected by chemical synapses. Despite several studies reporting the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the ENS, their roles in the gut remain elusive. Here, by using an array of immunohistochemistry, molecular profiling and functional assays, we uncover a new role for D-serine (D-Ser) and non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in regulating ENS functions. We demonstrate that D-Ser is produced by serine racemase (SR) expressed in enteric neurons. By using both in situ patch clamp recording and calcium imaging, we show that D-Ser alone acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS independently of the conventional GluN1-GluN2 NMDARs. Instead, D-Ser directly gates the non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons from both mouse and guinea-pig. Pharmacological inhibition or potentiation of GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs had opposite effects on mouse colonic motor activities, while genetically driven loss of SR impairs gut transit and fluid content of pellet output. Our results demonstrate the existence of native GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons and open new perspectives on the exploration of excitatory D-Ser receptors in gut function and diseases.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Muc2 mucin limits Listeria monocytogenes dissemination and modulates its population dynamics

The mucin Muc2 is a major constituent of the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium and creates a barrier between epithelial cells and luminal commensal or pathogenic microorganisms. The Gram-positive food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can cause enteritis and also disseminate from the intestine to give rise to systemic disease. L. monocytogenes can bind to intestinal Muc2, but the influence of the Muc2 mucin barrier on L. monocytogenes intestinal colonization and systemic dissemination has not been explored. Here, we used an orogastric L. monocytogenes infection model to investigate the role of Muc2 in host defense against L. monocytogenes. Compared to wild-type mice, we found that Muc2-/- mice exhibited heightened susceptibility to orogastric challenge with L. monocytogenes, with higher mortality, elevated colonic pathology, and increased pathogen burdens in both the intestinal tract and distal organs. In contrast, L. monocytogenes burdens were equivalent in wild-type and Muc2-/- animals when the pathogen was administered intraperitoneally, suggesting that systemic immune defects do not explain the heightened pathogen dissemination observed with oral infection route. Using a barcoded L. monocytogenes library to measure intra-host pathogen population dynamics, we found that Muc2-/- animals had larger pathogen founding population sizes in the intestine and distal sites than observed in wild-type animals. Comparisons of barcode frequencies revealed that, in the absence of Muc2, the colon becomes the major source for seeding the internal organs. Together, our findings reveal that Muc2 limits L. monocytogenes dissemination from the intestinal tract and modulates its population dynamics during infection.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

D-Serine, an emerging biomarker of kidney diseases, is a hidden substrate of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters

Transporter research primarily relies on the canonical substrates of well-established transporters. This approach has limitations when studying transporters for the low-abundant micromolecules, such as micronutrients, and may not reveal physiological functions of the transporters. While D-serine, a trace enantiomer of serine in the circulation, was discovered as an emerging biomarker of kidney function, its transport mechanisms in the periphery remain unknown. Here, using a multi-hierarchical approach from body fluids to molecules, combining multi-omics, cell-free synthetic biochemistry, and ex vivo transport analyses, we have identified two types of renal D-serine transport systems. We revealed that the small amino acid transporter ASCT2 serves as a D-serine transporter previously uncharacterized in the kidney and discovered D-serine as a noncanonical substrate of the sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs). These two systems are physiologically complementary, but ASCT2 dominates the role in the pathological condition. Our findings not only shed light on renal D-serine transport, but also clarify the importance of non-canonical substrate transport. This study provides a framework for investigating multiple transport systems of various trace micromolecules under physiological conditions and in multifactorial diseases.

biochemistry↗