Biology subjects

Sagendorf, T. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Sagendorf, T. J..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Multi-omic responses to acute exercise in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of sedentary adults: findings from MoTrPAC

Exercise induces widespread health benefits across multiple tissues, yet the acute molecular responses in human adipose tissue remain poorly defined. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) profiled temporal molecular changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) following a single bout of exercise. Healthy sedentary adults were randomized to endurance (EE), resistance (RE), or control (CON) groups. ASAT biopsies were collected pre-exercise and at 45min, 4hr, and 24hr post-exercise, followed by transcriptomic, proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic analyses. EE and RE elicited distinct, time-resolved molecular programs involving angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, mitochondrial metabolism, substrate utilization, and circadian regulation. Phosphoproteomics revealed acute changes in cytoskeletal and branched-chain amino acid metabolism proteins associated with glycemic control. Temporal metabolomic shifts were cell-type-specific. Finally, we identified candidate adipose-derived exerkines with predicted endocrine actions. This multi-omic map of acute ASAT responses offers insight into adipose-specific mechanisms by which exercise promotes metabolic health.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Multi-Omic, Multi-Tissue Responses to Acute Exercise in Sedentary Adults: Findings from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium

Regular physical activity represents one of the greatest mechanisms for maintaining human health, yet the underlying molecular transducers of these benefits remain incompletely understood. Multi-omic assays now provide new opportunities to study the coordinated molecular responses of body tissues to different exercise modalities. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established to address this need by creating a molecular map of the response to physical activity. Described here is the first human cohort of MoTrPAC: sedentary adults enrolled prior to study suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic (N=175) randomized to either endurance or resistance exercise, or non-exercise control. From these participants, we detail their global acute molecular response in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and blood, integrated at multiple levels: tissue, exercise modality, timepoint, and omic category. These analyses characterize key molecular pathways, identify central regulators, and implicate novel candidate exerkines in mediating multi-organ exercise effects.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Single-Islet Proteomics Maps Pseudo-Temporal Islet Immune Responses and Dysfunction in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes

Progressive {beta}-cell dysfunction precedes the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet the molecular mechanisms driving early T1D development remain poorly understood. Although single-cell RNA-sequencing has uncovered transcript-level changes in human islet cells, it offers limited insight into the heterogeneity of distinct islet microenvironments. Here, we applied a single-islet proteomics workflow to profile intra-donor islet heterogeneity in three stage 1 T1D cases with matched non-diabetic controls and define in situ protein signatures of pseudo-temporal islet dysfunction. Intra-donor analyses of [~]100 individual islets per donor revealed highly consistent proteomic patterns reflecting pseudo-time progression of islet immune responses and {beta}-cell dysfunction. Several pathways, including extracellular matrix remodeling and mRNA processing, were identified as closely associated with progressive islet immune activation and loss of {beta}-cell function. These findings provide robust proteome-wide evidence of the progression of islet dysfunction, offer a valuable resource for investigating early mechanisms of T1D pathogenesis-- including novel candidates for functional studies--and underscore the utility of single-islet spatial proteomics for examining islet heterogeneity in T1D.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Endurance exercise drives temporal and sexual dimorphic multi-omic adaptations in liver metabolism-Findings from MoTrPAC.

The mechanisms by which exercise modulate liver metabolism, a central regulator of systemic metabolism, are poorly understood. Leveraging data from MoTrPAC, we analyzed liver adaptations across 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of exercise in male and female rats using multi-omic approaches. Female livers displayed a progressive increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (at the protein level), while male livers showed an increase in acetylation of OXPHOS, TCA cycle, and fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Exercise also enhanced liver cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, reducing liver lipid metabolites in males after 8 weeks of exercise. Male rats had higher fecal cholesterol and cholic acid levels, indicating a sex-specific mechanism of lipid excretion with exercise. Moreover, 8 weeks of training reduced markers related to hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis in both sexes. This study highlights the sexual dimorphic and temporal molecular signatures by which exercise modulates liver metabolism to provide hepatoprotective effects.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Sexually distinct multi omic responses to progressive endurance exercise training in the rat lung. Findings from MoTrPAC

Despite the lungs being essential for ventilation and aerobic exercise capacity, conventionally the lungs are not thought to adapt to exercise training. Endurance exercise is key to pulmonary rehabilitation programs, which also displays sex-specific differences in therapeutic efficacy. Given the molecular underpinnings of sex-specific lung adaptations to endurance exercise are uncharacterized, we used a multi-omics approach to study sex differences in the lungs of 6-month-old Fischer 344 rats in response to an 8 week progressive endurance treadmill training protocol. This was accomplished by reannotating publicly accessible data from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) and integrating newly-analyzed acetylome data to assess multi-omic sex differences in sedentary and progressively trained states. Female rats displayed enrichment in immune-related features and pathways at the transcriptome and proteome level that were maintained with training. Conversely, in the male rat lung there was an overall decrease in immune pathways following 8 weeks of training. Sexually conserved responses to training included increased enrichment in transcriptomic pathways related to type I alveoli and proteomic pathways related to cilia, and decreased mitochondrial protein acetylation. In both sexes, features known to be enriched in lung diseases were attenuated with training. Together our findings provide novel insight into sex specific responses to endurance exercise training in the rat lung and may offer translational insight into sex-specific differences in lung disease pathogenesis and treatment.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2023

Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue

Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.

molecular biology↗