Biology subjects

Ruprecht, U.

Publications and source records attributed to Ruprecht, U..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Future Range Shifts and Diversity Patterns of Antarctic Lecideoid Lichens Under Climate Change Scenarios

Being uniquely adapted to extreme environmental conditions, rock-dwelling lecideoid lichens are a diverse and major component of terrestrial vegetation in Antarctica. Climate change is reshaping Antarctic ecosystems, forcing cold-adapted species to migrate to maintain their climatic niche. The study surveyed the circum Antarctic lecideoid lichen diversity and modelled the impacts of two climate change scenarios on their distributional range shifts across Antarctica. Myco- and photobiont symbionts of lecideoid lichen species from a circum-Antarctic sampling were classified using classical barcoding methods. The climatic niches of nine common mycobiont species and four photobiont OTUs were modelled, and range shifts were projected across four Antarctic bioregions under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: (a) SSP1-2.6: sustainable development (2.6 Wm-2, +3{degrees}C) and (b) SSP5-8.5: continued dependence on fossil fuels (8.5 Wm-2, +5.1{degrees}C). DNA barcoding revealed altogether 34 species of lecideoid lichens and 9 photobiont OTUs for the Antarctic continent. In addition to the already known lichen species in Antarctica, three newly detected species of the genus Lecidella could be identified. The calculated climate change scenarios across bioregions predict greater range expansion for mycobiont species and photobiont OTUs than climate-induced habitat loss. While niche contraction is expected in maritime Antarctica, species distributions are expected to expand in continental regions, primarily due to inland shifts. These inland areas may serve as emerging climatic refugia for certain mycobiont species. Overall, these results suggest that, under future warming, lecideoid lichens undergo an overall range expansion, particularly in previously uncolonized inland areas in continental Antarctica.

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bioRxiv2021

How do symbiotic associations in lecideoid lichens respond to different environmental conditions along the Transantarctic Mountains, Ross Sea region, Antarctica?

Lecideoid lichens as dominant vegetation-forming organisms in the climatically harsh areas of the southern part of continental Antarctica show clear preferences in relation to environmental conditions (i.e. macroclimate). 306 lichen samples were included in the study, collected along the Ross Sea coast (78{degrees}S-85.5{degrees}S) at six climatically different sites. The species compositions as well as the associations of their two dominant symbiotic partners (myco- and photobiont) were set in context with environmental conditions along the latitudinal gradient. Diversity values were nonlinear with respect to latitude, with the highest alpha diversity in the milder areas of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78{degrees}S) and the most southern areas (Durham Point, 85.5{degrees}S; Garden Spur, 84.5{degrees}S), and lowest in the especially arid and cold Darwin Area (~79.8{degrees}S). Furthermore, the specificity of mycobiont species towards their photobionts decreased under more severe climate conditions. The generalist lichen species Lecanora fuscobrunnea and Lecidea cancriformis were present in almost all habitats, but were dominant in climatically extreme areas. Carbonea vorticosa, Lecidella greenii and Rhizoplaca macleanii were confined to milder areas. In summary, the macroclimate is considered to be the main driver of species distribution, making certain species useful as bioindicators of climate conditions and, consequently, for detecting climate change.

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bioRxiv2019

Myco- and photobiont associations in crustose lichens in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) reveal high differentiation along an elevational gradient

The climate conditions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78{degrees} S) are characterized by low temperatures and low precipitation. The annual temperatures at the valley bottoms have a mean range from -30 {degrees}C to -15 {degrees}C and decrease with elevation. Precipitation occurs mostly in form of snow (3-50 mm a-1 water equivalent) and, liquid water is rare across much of the landscape for most of the year and represents the primary limitation to biological activity. Snow delivered off the polar plateau by drainage winds, dew and humidity provided by clouds and fog are important water sources for rock inhibiting crustose lichens. In addition, the combination of the extremely low humidity and drying caused by foehn winds, confined to lower areas of the valleys, with colder and moister air at higher altitudes creates a strongly improving water availability gradient with elevation.\n\nWe investigated the diversity and interaction specificity of myco-/photobiont associations of a total of 232 crustose lichen specimens, collected along an elevational gradient (171-959 m a.s.l.) within the McMurdo Dry Valleys with regard to the spatial distribution caused by climatological and geographical factors. For the identification of the mycobiont and photobiont species three markers each were amplified (nrITS, mtSSU, RPB1 and nrITS, psbJ-L, COX2, respectivley). Elevation, associated with a water availability gradient, turned out to be the key factor explaining most of the distribution patterns of the mycobionts. Pairwise comparisons showed Lecidea cancriformis and Rhizoplaca macleanii to be significantly more common at higher, and Carbonea vorticosa and Lecidea polypycnidophora at lower, elevations. Lichen photobionts were dominated by the globally distributed Trebouxia OTU, Tr_A02 which occurred at all habitats. Network specialization resulting from mycobiont-photobiont bipartite network structure varied with elevation and associated abiotic factors.\n\nAlong an elevational gradient, the spatial distribution, diversity and genetic variability of the lichen symbionts appear to be mainly influenced by improved water relations at higher altitudes.

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bioRxiv2019

High levels of endemism and local differentiation in the fungal and algal symbionts of saxicolous lecideoid lichens along a latitudinal gradient in southern South America

Saxicolous, lecideoid lichenized-fungi have a cosmopolitan distribution but, being mostly cold adapted, are especially abundant in polar and high-mountain regions. To date, little is known of their origin or the extent of their trans-equatorial dispersal. Several mycobiont genera and species are thought to be restricted to either the northern or southern hemisphere, whereas others are thought to be widely distributed and occur in both hemispheres. However, these assumptions often rely on morphological analyses and lack supporting molecular genetic data. Also unknown is the extent of regional differentiation in the southern Polar Regions.\n\nAn extensive set of lecideoid lichens (185) was collected along a latitudinal gradient at the southern end of South America, always staying in areas of subantarctic climate by increasing the elevation of the collecting sites with decreasing latitude. The investigated specimens were brought into a global context by including Antarctic and cosmopolitan sequences from other studies. For each symbiont three markers were used to identify intraspecific variation (mycobiont: ITS, mtSSU, RPB1; photobiont: ITS, psbJ-L, COX2). For the mycobiont the saxicolous genera Lecidea, Porpidia, Poeltidea and Lecidella and their photobionts Asterochloris and Trebouxia were phylogenetically revised. The results show for several globally distributed species groups geographically highly differentiated subclades, classified as operational taxonomical units (OTUs), which were assigned to the different regions of southern South America (sSA). Further, for sSA, several small endemic and well supported clades were detected at the species level for both symbionts.

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