Biology subjects

Ruiz-Sobremazas, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Ruiz-Sobremazas, D..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Is Probiotic Supplementation During Pregnancy Safe for Healthy Populations? A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Gut-brain axis and probiotics supplementation during gestational period have gained an especial attention in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the influence of prenatal probiotics in physiology and neurodevelopment of healthy organisms is widely unexplored and probiotics are commercially such as dietetic supplementations without the necessity of ensuring safety in healthy organisms, as is required for drugs. The aim is to present and discuss the various biochemical, developmental and behavioral effects that prenatal probiotics have on the offspring of healthy organisms in rodent models and assess their security during gestation. We included a total of 15 preclinical studies discarding all those that did not have an appropriate control for the probiotic-treated group. Results suggest that probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus strains, influenced anxiety-like behaviors in mice and GABAergic system maturation, showing an apparent biphasic effect, reducing GABA functioning in early life but increasing them in later stages; and both prenatal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, influenced microbiota and general development of healthy organisms. However, the significant variations in methodologies used across studies complicate the ability to elucidate specific conclusions related to bacterial strains or doses. Further research is imperative to ensure the safety and regulation of probiotic interventions, particularly during the gestational period.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Modulating Neurotoxic Effects of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure Through Probiotic and Vitamin D Gestational Supplementation: Unexpected Effects on Neurodevelopment and Sociability

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in sociability and communication. Prenatal exposure to Chlorpyrifos has been associated with autism-like behaviors in preclinical models. Interest has grown in the gut-brain axis and the role of microbiota modulation through dietetic supplementation to reduce this ASD-like phenotype. This study examines the effects of prenatal CPF exposure in Wistar Rats and assesses the potential of gestational probiotic and vitamin D supplementation to mitigate these effects in offspring. CPF exposure significantly impaired sociability in adolescence, and supplementation did not reverse these deficits. However, in control animals, supplementation induced neurodevelopmental changes, including alterations in metabolic status, the pattern of expression of ASD-related genes, the regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors, and the GABAergic system in the brain. Additionally, supplementation accelerated overall development, increased ultrasonic vocalization emission and modified the typical responses to social novelty. CPF exposure blocked most of these effects at both behavioral and molecular levels. While supplementation did not block CPF-induced impairments, CPF exposure altered the observed effects of supplementation in controls, possibly indicating shared molecular mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for further research into the safety of probiotic and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

From Nutritional Patterns to Behavior: High-Fat Diet Influences on Inhibitory Control, Brain Gene Expression and Metabolomics in Rats

BackgroundImpulsive and compulsive behaviors are associated with inhibitory control deficits. Diet plays a pivotal role in normal development, impacting both physiology and behavior. However, the specific effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on inhibitory control have not received adequate attention. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore how exposure to an HFD from postnatal day (PND) 33 to PND77 affects impulsive and compulsive behaviors. MethodsThe experiment involved 40 Wistar rats, half of which were male and subjected to the HFD or Chow diets. Several tasks were employed to assess behavior, including the Variable Delay to Signal (VDS), the Five Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT), the Delay Discounting Task (DDT), and the Rodent Gambling Task (rGT). Genetic analyses were performed on the frontal cortex, and metabolomics and fatty acid profiles were examined using stool samples collected on PND298. ResultsThe study revealed that rats exposed to the HFD exhibited heightened impulsivity in the VDS and in the 5-CSRTT, suggesting an increase in motor impulsivity. Notably, no significant effect was observed in the DDT. Surprisingly, the HFD-exposed group demonstrated reduced levels of impulsive-like behaviors, and a different decision making, in the rGT. Furthermore, abnormal gene regultation linked to brain plasticity and dopamine were identified in the frontal cortex. Metabolomics analysis of stool samples, collected in adulthood, indicated lower levels of fatty acids. DiscussionThese results suggest that HFD exposure during adolescence may create a lasting vulnerability to inhibitory control deficits, specifically in terms of motor impulsivity, and in gene expression as well as in metabolomics profile.

neuroscience↗