Biology subjects

Robison, A. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Robison, A. J..

15 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging identifies coordinated white matter remodeling during cocaine self-administration in mice

White matter microstructural alterations are increasingly recognized as a feature of cocaine use disorder (CUD), yet the longitudinal progression and biological underpinnings of these changes remain poorly understood. Although rodent intravenous self-administration (IVSA) provides a translational model of voluntary cocaine use, longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has not previously been combined with cocaine IVSA in mice. Here, we established a longitudinal IVSA-DTI framework to characterize white matter microstructural remodeling during cocaine self-administration and early withdrawal. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent DTI at baseline, following 11 consecutive days of cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) or saline IVSA, and after a 7-day withdrawal period immediately following a cocaine-seeking test (n = 4/group). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was evaluated longitudinally using atlas-based region-of-interest analyses and whole-brain diffusion maps. Cocaine-treated mice acquired robust operant responding and exhibited coordinated longitudinal FA alterations across interconnected hippocampal-associated white matter pathways. The most consistent changes occurred within the bilateral dorsal hippocampal commissure, fornix, and fimbria, with cocaine-treated mice demonstrating increased FA during self-administration relative to baseline while saline controls exhibited smaller or opposing longitudinal changes. Difference-in-differences maps further demonstrated cocaine-associated FA alterations within hippocampal pathways and localized regions of the corpus callosum after accounting for longitudinal changes in saline controls. These findings establish the feasibility of combining longitudinal DTI with cocaine IVSA in mice and demonstrate coordinated white matter microstructural remodeling during voluntary cocaine exposure. This framework provides a translational platform for future studies integrating longitudinal neuroimaging with genetically modified mouse models, tractography, and histological validation to investigate the mechanisms underlying cocaine-associated white matter plasticity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Discovery of Small Molecules and a Druggable Groove That Regulate DNA Binding and Release of the AP1 Transcription Factor DeltaFOSB

{Delta}FOSB, a member of the AP1 family of transcription factors, mediates long-term neuroadaptations underlying drug addiction, seizure-related cognitive decline, dyskinesias, and several other chronic conditions. AP1 transcription factors are notoriously difficult to modulate pharmacologically due to the absence of well-defined binding pockets. Here, we identify a novel site on {Delta}FOSB, located outside the DNA-binding cleft, that accommodates small molecules. We show that sulfonic acid-containing compounds bind to this site via an induced-fit mechanism, reorienting side chains critical for DNA binding, and that they may hinder the {Delta}FOSB bZIP -helix from binding to the major groove of DNA. In vivo, direct administration of one such compound, JPC0661, into the brain reduces {Delta}FOSB occupancy at genomic AP1 consensus sites by approximately 60% as determined by CUT&RUN-sequencing. These findings suggest that DNA binding and release by AP1 transcription factors can be controlled via small molecules that dock into a novel site that falls outside of the DNA-binding cleft. Minimal sequence conservation across 29 bZIP domain-containing transcription factors in this druggable groove suggests that it can be exploited to develop AP1-subunit-selective compounds. Our studies thus reveal a novel strategy to design small-molecule inhibitors of {Delta}FOSB and other members of the bZIP transcription factor family.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Efficient in vivo pharmacological inhibition of deltaFOSB, an AP1 transcription factor, in brain

{Delta}FOSB, an unusually stable member of the AP1 family of transcription factors, mediates long-term maladaptations that play a key role in the pathogenesis of drug addiction, cognitive decline, dyskinesias, and several other chronic neurological and psychiatric conditions. We have recently identified that 2-phenoxybenzenesulfonic acid-containing compounds disrupt the binding of {Delta}FOSB to DNA in vitro in cell-based assays, and one such compound, JPC0661, disrupts {Delta}FOSB binding to genomic DNA in vivo in mouse brain with partial efficiency. JPC0661 binds to a groove outside of the DNA-binding cleft of the {Delta}FOSB/JUND bZIP heterodimer in the co-crystal structure. Here, we generated a panel of analogs of JPC0661 with the goal of establishing structure-activity relationships and improving its in vivo efficacy by replacing the amino-pyrazolone cap moiety with various substituents. We show that one such analog, YL0441, disrupts the binding of {Delta}FOSB to DNA in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses {Delta}FOSB-function in cell-based assays. Importantly, infusion of YL0441 into the hippocampus of APP mice (a mouse model for Alzheimers disease) leads to virtually complete loss of {Delta}FOSB bound to genomic DNA by CUT&RUN sequencing. Our findings corroborate that DNA binding/release of AP1 transcription factors can be controlled via small molecules, even by analogs of a compound that binds to a groove outside of the DNA-binding cleft, and that our lead can be optimized via medicinal chemistry to yield a highly efficacious inhibitor of {Delta}FOSB function in vivo. These findings define a strategy to design small-molecule inhibitors for other AP1- and AP1-related transcription factors. IN BRIEFWe demonstrate the creation of a highly effective inhibitor, YL0441, of {Delta}FOSB, an AP1 transcription factor, which decreases the number of {Delta}FOSB-bound sites to genomic DNA by [~]94% upon in vivo infusion to the hippocampus of APP mice, a mouse model for Alzheimers disease. This work generates a highly novel probe compound to assess the therapeutic value of {Delta}FOSB in vivo, a transcription factor with a critical role in mediating long-term changes in gene expression in several neuropsychiatric disorders in addition to Alzheimers disease, including drug addiction, seizure-related cognitive decline, and dyskinesias.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Oxidation of ΔFOSB at Cys172 Controls Hippocampal Gene Targets and Learning

Imbalance of reduction/oxidation (redox) in the brain is associated with numerous diseases including Alzheimers disease (AD), substance abuse disorders, and stroke. Moreover, cognitive decline can be caused by neuronal dysfunction that precedes cell death, and this dysfunction is in part produced by altered gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which redox state controls gene expression in neurons are not well understood. {Delta}FOSB is a neuronally enriched transcription factor critical for orchestrating gene expression underlying memory, mood, and motivated behaviors. It is dysregulated in many conditions including AD. We showed recently that {Delta}FOSB forms a redox-sensitive disulfide bond between cysteine 172 (C172) of {Delta}FOSB and C279 of its preferred binding partner JUND. This bond works as a redox switch to control DNA-binding, based on studies of recombinant proteins in vitro. Here, we show that this redox control of {Delta}FOSB function in vitro is conserved in vivo. We show that {Delta}FOSB C172 forms a redox-sensitive disulfide bond with JUND that regulates the stability of this AP1-transcription factor complex and its binding to DNA in cells. We also validate the formation of {Delta}FOSB-containing complexes held together via disulfide bonds in mouse brain in vivo. We show that exogenous oxidative stress reduces {Delta}FOSB binding to gene targets in mouse brain and that Fosb C172S knock-in mice, which lack a functional {Delta}FOSB redox switch, are insensitive to this oxidation-dependent reduction in target gene binding, demonstrating that {Delta}FOSB is regulated by a redox switch that modulates binding to target genes in the hippocampus. Finally, we demonstrate that FosB C172S knock-in mice are less sensitive to cognitive dysfunction induced by oxidative stress. This evidence supports {Delta}FOSB as an important mediator of oxidative stress-driven changes in gene expression and cognition and implicates {Delta}FOSB as a possible therapeutic target for diseases associated with oxidative stress in the brain, including AD.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Oxytocin neurons in the anterior and posterior paraventricular nucleus have distinct behavioral functions and electrophysiological profiles

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that can promote or inhibit affiliative social behaviors. Recent evidence suggests that these diverse effects are mediated by distinct oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons. An outstanding question is whether these behavioral effects are also driven by distinct or overlapping populations of oxytocin-producing neurons. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a major source of oxytocin and sends projections to the mesolimbic dopamine system and extended amygdala. Previous work found that social defeat increased oxytocin neuron activity in the anterior PVN (aPVN) but not posterior PVN (pPVN). We reduced oxytocin synthesis with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides in either anterior or posterior PVN in California mice (Peromyscus californicus), a strong model system for studying effects of social stress on brain function and behavior. Antisense morpholinos in aPVN had no effect on behavior in unstressed females but increased social approach and reduced social vigilance in females exposed to social defeat stress. In pPVN, antisense morpholinos reduced social approach in unstressed male and female California mice. We then used OxtCre mice to compare electrophysiological profiles of oxytocin in aPVN and pPVN with a population of oxytocin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Oxytocin neurons in aPVN and BNST had higher post-synaptic events and responded more strongly to current injections than oxytocin neurons in pPVN, though they had similar excitatory and inhibitory input balance at the observed resting membrane potential. These findings shed light onto functional and physiological heterogeneity of PVN oxytocin neurons. Our results suggest that context dependent effects of oxytocin are mediated by different populations of oxytocin neurons.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Repetitive Neuronal Activation Regulates Cellular Maturation State via Nuclear Reprogramming

Neural stimulation, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), are highly effective clinical interventions for a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. However, their mechanism of action at the cellular level remains poorly understood. Here, we modelled ECT with repeated optogenetic neuronal stimulation in the mouse dentate gyrus, and observed ECT-like behavioral effects, including decreased depression-like behavior and increased locomotor activity. At the cellular level, we found dematuration to a long-term stable state, persisting for more than one month, defined by changes in nuclear structure, gene expression patterns resembling the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and altered neural coding of navigational information. Moreover, knockout of the G2/M master regulator Cyclin B rescued some of behavioral and cellular effects. These findings demonstrate that ECT-like brain stimulation triggers plasticity of the cellular state, revealing a form of stimulus-regulated nuclear reprogramming with potential clinical utility.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Cocaine, via ΔFosB, remodels gene expression and excitability in ventral hippocampus

Ventral hippocampus (vHPC) CA1 pyramidal neurons send glutamatergic projections to nucleus accumbens (NAc), and this vHPC-NAc circuit mediates cocaine seeking and reward, but it is unclear whether vHPC-NAc neuron properties are modulated by cocaine exposure to drive subsequent behavior. The immediate early gene transcription factor {Delta}FosB is induced throughout the brain by cocaine and is critical for cocaine seeking, but its function in vHPC-NAc neurons is not understood. We now show that circuit-specific knockout of {Delta}FosB in vHPC-NAc neurons impaired cocaine reward expression and forced abstinence-induced seeking. We also found that vHPC-NAc excitability was decreased by experimenter-administered repeated cocaine and cocaine self-administration, and this cocaine-induced excitability decrease was mediated by {Delta}FosB expression. To uncover the mechanism of this change in circuit function, we used circuit-specific translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to assess cocaine-induced, {Delta}FosB-dependent changes in gene expression in vHPC-NAc. We found that cocaine causes a {Delta}FosB-dependent increase in the expression of calreticulin, an ER-resident calcium-buffering protein. Calreticulin expression mediated vHPC-NAc excitability and was necessary for cocaine reward. These findings uncover a novel, non-canonical mechanism by which cocaine increases calreticulin in vHPC leading to decreased vHPC-NAc excitability and drives cocaine seeking and reward.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Activity-dependent FosB gene expression negatively regulates mast cell functions.

Mast cells are innate immune cells that regulate physiological processes by releasing pre-stored and newly synthesized mediators in response to allergens, infection, and other stimuli. Dysregulated mast cell activity can lead to multisystemic pathologies, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that FOSB and {Delta}FOSB, transcription factors encoded by the FosB gene, are robustly expressed in mast cells following IgE-antigen stimulation, suggesting a role in modulating stimulus-induced mast cell functions. Using phenotypic, gene binding, and gene expression analyses in wild-type and mast cell-specific FosB knockout male mice, we demonstrate that FOSB/{Delta}FOSB modulates mast cell functions by limiting reactivity to allergen-like stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. These effects seem to be mediated, at least in part, by FOSB/{Delta}FOSB-driven enhanced expression of DUSP4, a dual-specificity phosphatase that attenuates MAPK signaling. These findings highlight FOSB/{Delta}FOSB as critical regulators of mast cell activity and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=118 SRC="FIGDIR/small/592755v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (48K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@190be2corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b53f9borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@631997org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@250bc7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

immunology↗

bioRxiv2023

Interleukin-10-producing monocytes contribute to sex differences in pain resolution in mice and humans.

Pain is closely associated with the immune system, which exhibits sexual dimorphism. For these reasons, neuro-immune interactions are suggested to drive sex differences in pain pathophysiology. However, our understanding of peripheral neuro-immune interactions on sex differences in pain resolution remains limited. Here, we have shown, in both a mouse model of inflammatory pain and in humans following traumatic pain, that males had higher levels of interleukin (IL)-10 than females, which were correlated with faster pain resolution. Following injury, we identified monocytes (CD11b+ Ly6C+ Ly6G-F4/80mid) as the primary source of IL-10, with IL-10-producing monocytes being more abundant in males than females. In a mouse model, neutralizing IL-10 signaling through antibodies, genetically ablating IL-10R1 in sensory neurons, or depleting monocytes with clodronate all impaired the resolution of pain hypersensitivity in both sexes. Furthermore, manipulating androgen levels in mice reversed the sexual dimorphism of pain resolution and the levels of IL-10-producing monocytes. These results highlight a novel role for androgen-driven peripheral IL-10-producing monocytes in the sexual dimorphism of pain resolution. These findings add to the growing concept that immune cells play a critical role in resolving pain and preventing the transition into chronic pain. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=135 SRC="FIGDIR/small/565129v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (46K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6e158corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@148c8b5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1711d2dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@132a755_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

immunology↗

bioRxiv2023

Chronic social defeat stress induces a depression-relevant outcome in male prairie voles

BackgroundStress-induced illnesses, like major depression, are among the leading causes of disability across the world. Consequently, there is a dire need for the validation of translationally-suited animal models incorporating social stress to uncover the etiology of depression. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are more translationally relevant than many other rodent models as they display monogamous social and parental behaviors and more primate-like neuroanatomy. Therefore, we evaluated whether a novel social defeat stress (SDS) model in male prairie voles induces depression-relevant behavioral outcomes. MethodsAdult sexually-naive male prairie voles experienced SDS bouts from a conspecific pair-bonded male aggressor, 10 min per day for 10 consecutive days. Non-stressed controls (same-sex siblings) were housed in similar conditions but never experienced physical stress. Twenty-four hr later, voles were evaluated in social interaction, sucrose preference, and Morris water maze tests - behavioral endpoints validated to assess social withdrawal, anhedonia-related behavior, and spatial memory performance, respectively. ResultsSDS-exposed voles displayed lower sociability and body weight, decreased preference for a sucrose solution, and impairment of spatial memory retrieval. Importantly, no differences in general locomotor activity were observed as a function of SDS exposure. LimitationsThis study does not include female voles in the experimental design. ConclusionsWe found that repeated SDS exposure, in male prairie voles, results in a depression-relevant phenotype resembling an anhedonia-like outcome (per reductions in sucrose preference) along with social withdrawal and spatial memory impairment - highlighting that the prairie vole is a valuable model with potential to study the neurobiology of social stress-induced depression-related outcomes.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Astrocytes control cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity and reward through the matricellular protein hevin

Drug addiction involves profound modifications of neuronal plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, which may engage various cell types. Here, we report prominent effects of cocaine on calcium signals in astrocytes characterized by in vivo fiber photometry. Astrocyte calcium signals in the nucleus accumbens are sufficient and necessary for the acquisition of cocaine seeking behavior. We identify the astrocyte-secreted matricellular protein hevin as an effector of the action of cocaine and calcium signals on reward and neuronal plasticity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Effects of early life adversity on meningeal mast cells and proinflammatory gene expression in male and female Mus musculus

Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) in the form of physical and/or psychological abuse or neglect increases the risk of developing psychiatric and inflammatory disorders later in life. It has been hypothesized that exposure to ELA results in persistent, low grade inflammation that leads to increased disease susceptibility by amplifying the crosstalk between stress-processing brain networks and the immune system, but the mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The meninges, a layer of three overlapping membranes that surround the central nervous system (CNS)- duramater, arachnoid, and piamater - possess unique features that allow them to play a key role in coordinating immune trafficking between the brain and the peripheral immune system. These include a network of lymphatic vessels that carry cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the deep cervical lymph nodes, fenestrated blood vessels that allow the passage of molecules from blood to the CNS, and a rich population of resident mast cells, master regulators of the immune system. Using a mouse model of ELA consisting of neonatal maternal separation plus early weaning (NMSEW), we sought to explore the effects of ELA on duramater mast cell histology and expression of inflammatory markers in male and female C57Bl/6 mice. We found that mast cell number, activation level, and relative expression of pseudopodia differ across duramater regions, and that NMSEW exerts region-specific effects on mast cells in males and females. Using gene expression analyses, we next found that NMSEW increases the expression of inflammatory markers in the duramater of females but not males, and that this is prevented by pharmacological inhibition of mast cells with ketotifen. Together, our results show that ELA drives sex-specific, long-lasting effects on the duramater mast cell population and immune-related gene expression, suggesting that the long-lasting effects of ELA on disease susceptibility could be partly mediated by meningeal function.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2021

Impaired KDM2B-mediated PRC1 recruitment to chromatin causes neural stem cell senescence and ASD/ID-like behavioral deficits

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are neurodevelopmental diseases associated with various genetic mutations. Recent clinical studies report that chromosomal 12q24.31 microdeletions are associated with human ASD/ID. However, the causality and underlying mechanisms linking 12q24.31 microdeletions to ASD/ID pathogenesis remain undetermined. Here we show Kdm2b, one of the genes located in chromosomal 12q24.31, plays a critical role in maintaining neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing mouse brain. Loss of the CxxC-ZF domain of KDM2B impairs its function in recruiting Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) to chromatin, resulting in de-repression of genes involved in cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, NSC premature senescence, and leading to the loss of NSC populations in the brain. Importantly, the Kdm2b mutation is sufficient to induce ASD/ID-like social and memory deficits in adult mice. Thus, our study reveals a critical role of an epigenetic factor KDM2B in normal brain development, a causality between the Kdm2b mutation and genesis of ASD/ID-like phenotypes in mice, and potential molecular mechanisms linking the function of KDM2B-PRC1 in transcriptional regulation and NSC senescence to the12q24.31 microdeletion-associated ASD/ID.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Loss of ASH1L in developing brains causes autistic-like behaviors in a mouse model

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with various gene mutations. Recent genetic and clinical studies report that mutations of the epigenetic gene ASH1L are highly associated with human ASD and intellectual disability (ID). However, the causal link between ASH1L mutations and ASD/ID remains undetermined. Here we show loss of ASH1L in developing mouse brains is sufficient to cause multiple developmental defects, core autistic-like behaviors, and impaired cognitive memory. Gene expression analyses uncover critical roles of ASH1L in regulating gene expression during neural cell development. Thus, our study establishes a new ASD/ID mouse model revealing the critical function of ASH1L in normal brain development, a causality between Ash1L mutations and ASD/ID-like behaviors in mice, and potential molecular mechanisms linking Ash1L mutations to brain functional abnormalities.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2017

Generation and validation of a floxed FosB mouse line

Expression of the FosB gene has been studied extensively in many fields using a variety of tools. However, previous techniques have had a variety of caveats, from potential off-target effects (e.g., overexpression of FosB, {Delta}FosB, or a dominant negative mutant of JunD, termed {Delta}JunD) or confounding developmental effects (e.g., the constitutive FosB knockout mouse). Therefore, we sought to create a floxed FosB mouse line that will allow true silencing of the FosB gene with both spatial and temporal control. Here, we detail the cloning strategy, production, and validation of the floxed FosB mouse. We demonstrate methodology for breeding and genotyping, and show that viral-mediated expression of Cre recombinase in a targeted, discrete brain region ablates expression of the FosB gene in floxed but not wild type mice. Thus, the floxed FosB mouse presented here represents an important new tool for the continued investigation of this critical gene.

genetics↗