Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease
Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically pre- and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PD), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n=39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n=37), PD alone (n=11), or neither (n=10). We identified on average 2,790 operational taxonomic units and 2,025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella vs. plaques from metabolically healthy. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl-phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD vs. non-PD. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and mono-methyl phophospotidlyethanolamine (PE-NMe), striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the bacterias synthesis of PE-NMe. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD.