Biology subjects

Reese, T. G.

Publications and source records attributed to Reese, T. G..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Quantification of cardiac-locked brainstem velocity at high resolution based on retrospectively-gated DENSE MRI at 7T

PurposeThe motion of the brain tissue within the skull is thought to be induced by cardiac pulsations and other hemodynamic processes and may influence CSF flow, but its precise drivers and downstream effects are unclear. Understanding these phenomena requires an accurate and precise method of tissue motion quantification that can be extended to investigate multiple potential drivers of tissue motion in vivo. MethodsHere, a version of the Displacement ENcoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) pulse sequence was implemented to measure cardiac-locked velocity responses in the pons and midbrain in eight healthy volunteers. The method featured retrospective cardiac gating, a single mixing time, and measured multiple voxel sizes. ResultsA previously undescribed double-peak pattern of cardiac-locked longitudinally directed brainstem velocity was identified that appears to reflect both nonrigid and rigid motion components. This pattern was only visible when estimating the cardiac response using absolute time after systole instead of the percentage of the cardiac cycle. Measurements were performed in a custom-built slow-flow phantom, and repeat sessions were acquired in two volunteers to assess accuracy and precision. Despite potential increased influence of CSF motion with larger voxel sizes, no voxel-size-dependent bias was found in the velocity estimations. Lack of voxel size bias was attributed to the complexities of partial-volume effects between CSF and tissue in phase-valued data that were evaluated using numerical simulations. ConclusionIn sum, a method to measure brain tissue motion with high spatiotemporal precision is presented that can be extended to applications beyond measuring cardiac-locked motion.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Mapping subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the human brain

The subarachnoid space is critical to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and waste clearance, yet its flow organization in humans remains poorly characterized due to the lack of methods for direct, quantitative measurement of ultra-slow flow. Here we introduce slow-flow-sensitized phase-contrast imaging (SOPHI), which enables noninvasive quantification of ultra-slow flow velocities (e.g., [~]100 m/s) and directionality at high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing whole-brain mapping of complex CSF circulation in the human subarachnoid space. We found brain-wide, spatiotemporally coherent flow patterns characterized by strong cardiac-driven oscillations. Flow dynamics were closely coupled with vascular anatomy, exhibiting higher velocities and earlier responses in subarachnoid spaces near major arteries and a spatiotemporal propagative pattern to distal spaces. We further identified localized flow pathways associated with potential CSF efflux in ventricles and key subarachnoid regions. Together, SOPHI reveals a previously undercharacterized, highly organized CSF flow system, providing a macroscopic view of human CSF circulation and a framework for investigating brain fluid transport.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2024

Romer-EPTI: Rotating-view motion-robust super-resolution EPTI for SNR-efficient distortion-free in-vivo mesoscale dMRI and microstructure imaging

PurposeTo overcome the major challenges in dMRI acquisition, including low SNR, distortion/blurring, and motion vulnerability. MethodsA novel Romer-EPTI technique is developed to provide distortion-free dMRI with significant SNR gain, high motion-robustness, sharp spatial resolution, and simultaneous multi-TE imaging. It introduces a ROtating-view Motion-robust supEr-Resolution technique (Romer) combined with a distortion/blurring-free EPTI encoding. Romer enhances SNR by a simultaneous multi-thick-slice acquisition with rotating-view encoding, while providing high motion-robustness through a motion-aware super-resolution reconstruction, which also incorporates slice-profile and real-value diffusion, to resolve high-isotropic-resolution volumes. The in-plane encoding is performed using distortion/blurring-free EPTI, which further improves effective spatial resolution and motion robustness by preventing not only T2/T2*-blurring but also additional blurring resulting from combining encoded volumes with inconsistent geometries caused by dynamic distortions. Self-navigation was incorporated to enable efficient phase correction. Additional developments include strategies to address slab-boundary artifacts, achieve minimal TE for SNR gain at 7T, and achieve high robustness to strong phase variations at high b-values. ResultsUsing Romer-EPTI, we demonstrate distortion-free whole-brain mesoscale in-vivo dMRI at both 3T (500-m-iso) and 7T (485-m-iso) for the first time, with high SNR efficiency (e.g., [Formula]), and high image quality free from distortion and slab-boundary artifacts with minimal blurring. Motion experiments demonstrate Romer-EPTIs high motion-robustness and ability to recover sharp images in the presence of motion. Romer-EPTI also demonstrates significant SNR gain and robustness in high b-value (b=5000s/mm2) and time-dependent dMRI. ConclusionRomer-EPTI significantly improves SNR, motion-robustness, and image quality, providing a highly efficient acquisition for high-resolution dMRI and microstructure imaging.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2021

Ultrafast high-resolution multi-parametric brain MRI using 3D Echo Planar Time-resolved Imaging

Multi-parametric quantitative MRI has shown great potential to improve the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis and to enhance our understanding of complex brain processes, but suffers from long scan time especially at high spatial resolution. To address this long-standing challenge, we introduce a novel approach, termed 3D Echo Planar Time-resolved Imaging (3D-EPTI), which significantly increases the acceleration capacity of MRI sampling, and provides high acquisition efficiency for multi-parametric MRI. This is achieved by exploiting the spatiotemporal correlation of MRI data at multiple timescales through new encoding strategies within and between efficient continuous readouts. Specifically, an optimized spatiotemporal CAIPI encoding within the readouts combined with a radial-block sampling strategy across the readouts enables an acceleration rate of 800 folds in the k-t space. A subspace reconstruction was employed to resolve thousands of artifact-free high-quality multi-contrast images spaced at a time interval of ~1 ms. We have demonstrated the ability of 3D-EPTI to provide robust and repeatable whole-brain simultaneous T1, T2, T2*, PD and B1+ mapping at high isotropic resolution within minutes (e.g., 1-mm isotropic resolution in 3 minutes), and to enable submillimeter multi-parametric imaging to study detailed brain structures. HighlightsO_LIUltra-fast acquisition for 3D multi-parametric quantitative MRI. C_LIO_LISimultaneous T1 T2 T2* PD and B1+ mapping. C_LIO_LI3-minute scan at 1-mm isotropic resolution with whole-brain coverage. C_LIO_LIMulti-parametric mapping at 700-m isotropic resolution in 10 minutes. C_LIO_LIRepeatable quantification and cortical-depth analysis. C_LI

bioengineering↗