Biology subjects

Ran, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Ran, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Symmetric brain-liver circuits mediate lateralized regulation of hepatic glucose output

Neural lateralization is well recognized in the control of contralateral somatic movement, yet its relevance to visceral organ regulation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the central nervous system exerts lateralized control over hepatic glucose metabolism and to localize the site of peripheral sympathetic crossover to the liver. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracing revealed bilateral projections from the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi) with preferential innervation of the contralateral hepatic lobes. Unilateral LPGi activation elevated systemic glucose by enhancing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis specifically in contralateral lobes, whereas bilateral activation produced additive effects. Following unilateral hepatic denervation, contralateral LPGi activation induced metabolic compensation in the remaining innervated lobes, characterized by increased norepinephrine release, glucose production, and glycogen depletion. Whole-mount tissue clearing and dual viral tracing localized the sympathetic crossover to the porta hepatis. Developmental analysis showed that lobar-specific innervation along the vasculature emerges by postnatal week 2. These findings demonstrate that the brainstem can exert lobe-specific, lateralized control of hepatic glucose metabolism via bilaterally projecting brain - liver sympathetic pathways. This contralateral regulation arises from a peripheral decussation at the porta hepatis, and the compensatory activation observed after denervation reveals an intrinsic neuroadaptive mechanism that helps safeguard systemic glucose homeostasis. HighlightsO_LIBrain-liver sympathetic projections exhibit predominant contralateral innervation C_LIO_LIUnilateral LPGi activation drives glucose production in contralateral hepatic lobes C_LIO_LIUnilateral denervation augments contralateral LPGi-mediated metabolic compensation C_LIO_LISympathetic crossover to the liver localizes at the porta hepatis C_LI

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Microsporidian Nosema bombycis secretes serine protease inhibitor to suppress host cell apoptosis via caspase BmICE

Microsporidia are a group of intracellular pathogens that actively manipulate host cell biological processes to facilitate their intracellular niche. Apoptosis is an important defense mechanism by which host cell control intracellular pathogens. Microsporidia modulating host cell apoptosis has been reported previously, however the molecular mechanism is not yet clear. In this report, we describe that the microsporidia Nosema bombycis inhibits apoptosis of Bombyx mori cells through a secreted protein NbSPN14, which is a serine protease inhibitor (Serpin). An immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that upon infection with N. bombycis, NbSPN14 was initially found in the B. mori cell cytoplasm and then became enriched in the host cell nucleus. Overexpression and RNA-interference (RNAi) of NbSPN14 in B. mori embryo cells confirmed that NbSPN14 inhibited host cell apoptosis. Immunofluorescent and Co-IP assays verified the co-localization and interaction of NbSPN14 with the BmICE, the caspase 3 homolog in B. mori. Knocking out of BmICE or mutating the BmICE-interacting P1 site of NbSPN14, eliminated the localization of NbSPN14 into the host nucleus and prevented the apoptosis-inhibiting effect of NbSPN14, which also proved that the interaction between BmICE and NbSPN14 occurred in host cytoplasm and the NbSPN14 translocation into host cell nucleus is dependent on BmICE. These data elucidate that N. bombycis secretory protein NbSPN14 inhibits host cell apoptosis by directly inhibiting the caspase protease BmICE, which provides an important insight for understanding pathogen-host interactions and a potential therapeutic target for N. bombycis proliferation. Author SummaryMicrosporidia constitute a class of eukaryotic pathogens that exclusively reside within host cells. The species Nosema bombycis is the first microsporidian identified as the pathogen of silkworm Pebrine disease. In our research, we discovered how N. bombycis cleverly evades the hosts defenses. It has developed a strategy to survive inside host cells by manipulating host cell apoptosis, disarming the host cells self-destruct mechanism. In this study, we discovered that the N. bombycis secretes a serine protease inhibitor named NbSPN14, which infiltrates the cytoplasm of the host cell. The NbSPN14 interacts with the executioner Caspase protease BmICE within the silkworms apoptotic pathway, effectively neutralizing its apoptoic activity and thus curbing the apoptosis of the host cells.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2023

Activating SRC/MAPK signaling via 5-HT1A receptor contributes to the effect of vilazodone on improving thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia caused by long-term radiotherapy and chemotherapy exists in cancer treatment. Previous research demonstrates that 5-Hydroxtrayptamine (5-HT) and its receptors induces the formation of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. However, the relationships between 5-HT1A receptor (5-HTR1A) and MKs is unclear so far. We screened and investigated the mechanism of vilazodone as a 5-HTR1A partial agonist in promoting MK differentiation and evaluated its therapeutic effect in thrombocytopenia. We employed a drug screening model based on machine learning (ML) to screen the megakaryocytopoiesis activity of VLZ. The effects of Vilazodone (VLZ) on megakaryocytopoiesis were verified in HEL and Meg-01 cells. Tg (itga2b: eGFP) zebrafish was performed to analyze the alterations in thrombopoiesis. Moreover, we established a thrombocytopenia mice model to investigate VLZ administration accelerates platelet recovery and function. We carried out network pharmacology, Western blot and immunofluorescence to demonstrate the potential targets and pathway of VLZ. VLZ has been predicted to have a potential biological action. Meanwhile, VLZ administration promotes MK differentiation and thrombopoiesis in cells and zebrafish models. Progressive experiments showed that VLZ has a potential therapeutic effect on radiation-induced thrombocytopenia in vivo. The network pharmacology and associated mechanism study indicated that SRC and MAPK signaling are both involved in the processes of megakaryopoiesis facilitated by VLZ. Furthermore, the expression of 5-HTR1A during megakaryocyte differentiation is closely related to the activation of SRC and MAPK. Our findings demonstrated that the expression of 5-HTR1A on MK, VLZ could bind to the 5-HTR1A receptor and further regulate the SRC/MAPK signaling pathway to facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production, which provides new insights into the alternative therapeutic options for thrombocytopenia.

pharmacology and toxicology↗