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Pevsner, S. K.

Publications and source records attributed to Pevsner, S. K..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

A new skeleton of the gorgonopsian Aelurognathus tigriceps from the Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone (Karoo Basin, South Africa) with novel insights into the pelvic girdle, hind limbs, and tail

Gorgonopsian therapsids represent a transitional condition in the evolution of synapsid locomotion and postcranial structure. Most descriptions of gorgonopsians have focused on cranial material, however, limiting their usefulness for informing patterns of postcranial evolution on the mammal stem. While some recent work has begun to focus on postcrania, especially the pectoral girdle and forelimbs, comparatively little data are available on the pelvic girdle, hind limbs and tail. We report a new specimen of the late Permian gorgonopsian Aelurognathus tigriceps comprising a partial skull and well-preserved postcranial skeleton, including the near-complete series of dorsal vertebrae and ribs, complete pelvic girdle, hind limbs, feet, and a nearly complete tail. The tail is longer than any other published gorgonopsian. The new material presented here provides an opportunity to better establish broader patterns of morphology in the gorgonopsian postcranial skeleton.

paleontology↗

A cautionary note on quantitative measures of phenotypic convergence

Tests of phenotypic convergence can provide evidence of adaptive evolution, and the popularity of such studies has grown in recent years due to the development of novel, quantitative methods for identifying and measuring convergence. These methods include the commonly applied C1-C4 measures of Stayton (2015), which measure morphological distances between lineages, and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) evolutionary model-fitting analyses, which test whether lineages convergently evolved toward adaptive peaks. We test the performance of C-measures and other convergence measures under various evolutionary scenarios and reveal a critical issue with C-measures: they often misidentify divergent lineages as convergent. We address this issue by developing novel convergence measures--Ct1-Ct4-measures--that measure distances between lineages at specific points in time, minimizing the possibility of misidentifying divergent taxa as convergent. Ct-measures are most appropriate when focal lineages are of the same or similar geologic ages (e.g., extant taxa), meaning that the lineages evolutionary histories include considerable overlap in time. Beyond C-measures, we find that all convergence measures are influenced by the position of focal taxa in phenotypic space, with morphological outliers often statistically more likely to be measured as strongly convergent by chance. Further, we mimic scenarios in which researchers assess convergence using OU models with a priori regime assignments (e.g., classifying taxa by ecological traits), and we find that multiple-regime OU models with phenotypically divergent lineages assigned to a shared selective regime often outperform simpler models. This highlights that model support for these multiple-regime OU models should not be assumed to always reflect convergence among focal lineages of a shared regime. Our new Ct1-Ct4-measures provide researchers with an improved comparative tool, but we emphasize that all available convergence measures are imperfect, and researchers should recognize the limitations of these methods and use multiple lines of evidence when inferring and measuring convergence.

evolutionary biology↗