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Perez-Ortega, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Perez-Ortega, S..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Does more data solve the problem of deep support? A phylogenomic approach to clarifying evolutionary relationships in the Lecanoraceae

The family Lecanoraceae is one of the most diverse groups within Lecanoromycetes, yet its internal relationships have remained unresolved despite previous multilocus studies. Here we present the first phylogenomic reconstruction of the family, based on 1003 nuclear orthologous genes from 65 genome assemblies representing the major species groups and genera. Phylogenetic trees inferred from coalescent-based analyses, together with Quartet Sampling (QS) evaluation, confirm the monophyly of Lecanoraceae and recover several well-supported lineages. The Lecanora subfusca group is resolved as polyphyletic, comprising three major clades together with Zeora and Vainionora. Additional strongly supported lineages correspond to Glaucomaria s. lat., the MPRPS clade, and Lecidella s. lat., while Bryonora and Frutidella represent early-diverging members of the family. The L. fuscescens group and Miriquidica form a distinct lineage sister to Lecanoraceae, whereas Ramboldia (Ramboldiaceae) constitutes another sister family. Backbone support was generally improved, and QS analyses showed counter-support for only a few deep nodes, indicating a complex evolutionary history likely shaped by incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, or rapid radiation. Our results demonstrate that genome-scale data improve the resolution of Lecanoraceae, but increasing the number of genes alone can not fully resolve the backbone relationships of the family.

molecular biology↗

Towards a monograph of marine Verrucariaceae in Southern South America and maritime Antarctica: Integrative taxonomy reveals a previously unknown diversity

The family of predominantly lichen-forming Verrucariaceae, contains several lineages that have adapted to live in the stressful conditions of the intertidal and supralittoral zones of rocky seashores in both hemispheres. The marine Verrucariaceae has been the subject of several systematic and taxonomic studies over the past few decades, although these studies have primarily concentrated on groups from the northern hemisphere. This study aims to address the paucity of taxonomic studies in the southern hemisphere by examining a substantial number of specimens collected in Southern South America and maritime Antarctica over the past two decades by the authors. We opted for an integrative taxonomic approach that joins the characterization and measurement of morpho-anatomical characters, coupled together with molecular barcoding to produce species delimitations to overcome the difficulties derived by the scarcity of taxonomic characters and the high plasticity of those characters. We barcoded a total of 301 specimens using the universal barcode un fungi (nrITS) and used single-locus species delimitation algorithms (ASAP, PTP, GMYC) to produce candidate species hypothesis that were corroborated with the morphological data. Our findings indicate that the taxonomic diversity of the Southern Hemisphere Verrucaria marina group has been significantly underestimated in previous studies. A total of 27 species were found in the region, 21 of which represent new taxa for science. Thorough descriptions together with illustrations showing the main characters of the species are provided for each taxon. In addition, we explored the systematics of the new taxa. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the family based on on six molecular markers (ITS, mcm7, nrSSU, nrLSU, mtSSU, RPB1). Our results showed that marine Verrucariaceae from the studied area belong to two distinct and non-related clades. A small group of species were related to the northern hemisphere species Turgidosculum ulvae. The second and more numerous group, which included the characteristic species Mastodia tessellata for a clade sister to the European genus Verrucariopsis. The systematic consequences of our findings are discussed. None of the previously reported species from the northern hemisphere and considered bipolar were found during our study.

genetics↗

The interplay between habitat fragmentation and life traits affects specialization in lichen symbioses

O_LIInteractions between organisms are determined by species traits and differ in specialization, from generalist to highly specialized relationships. Although we expect that the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on the abundance and survival of species depends on their degree of specialization, few studies have deepened into the interplay between interaction specialization and habitat loss. C_LIO_LIHere, we investigate the combined effect of habitat fragmentation and life traits (growth type and reproductive mode) on the specialization of lichen-forming fungi (mycobionts) towards its photosynthetic partners (photobionts) in lichen symbioses. C_LIO_LIWe studied mycobiont specialization in epiphytic lichen communities present in ten fragments of Quercus rotundifolia trees embedded in an agricultural matrix. Both mycobionts and photobionts were identified through DNA sequencing and mycobiont specialization was measured through interaction parameters calculating the relative number of interactions (normalized degree; ND) and the specialization of each species based on its discrimination from a random selection of partners (d). Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect of patch size as well as the life traits growth type (crustose, foliose, fruticose) and reproduction mode (sexual vs asexual) on mycobiont specialization. C_LIO_LIBoth mycobiont and photobiont richness along the patch size gradient followed a hump-back pattern, which was more pronounced in photobionts. Mycobionts forming crustose biotypes established the largest number of interactions. Mycobiont specialization (d) was larger for fruticose and foliose biotypes and for species with vegetative reproduction. Along the gradient of fragment size, the relative number of interactions decreased and the specialization of mycobionts with vegetative reproduction increased. C_LIO_LISynthesis: The analysis of mycobiont specialization towards their photobionts in communities of epiphytic lichens in a fragmented Mediterranean forest revealed that the interaction between species life traits and habitat loss on specialization cannot be neglected. The results also pointed to the ability of some species to modulate their interactions to certain extent, suggesting that species might have a greater resilience to abiotic changes than expected, presumably creating extinction debt or even avoiding extinction processes to some extent. C_LI ResumenO_LILas interacciones entre organismos estan determinadas por los rasgos funcionales de las especies y difieren en su grado de especializacion, desde interacciones generalistas hasta las altamente especializadas. Aunque se espera que el efecto de la perdida y fragmentacion del habitat sobre la abundancia y la supervivencia de las especies dependa de su grado de especializacion, pocos estudios han profundizado en la interaccion entre la especializacion de las interacciones y la perdida de habitat. C_LIO_LIEn este articulo investigamos el efecto combinado de la fragmentacion del habitat y los rasgos funcionales de las especies (tipo de crecimiento y modo reproductivo) en la especializacion de los hongos liquenizados (micobiontes) hacia sus socios fotosinteticos (fotobiontes) en las simbiosis de liquenes. C_LIO_LISe estudio la especializacion de micobiontes en comunidades de liquenes epifitos presentes en diez fragmentos de arboles de Quercus rotundifolia incrustados en una matriz agricola. Tanto los micobiontes como los fotobiontes fueron identificados mediante la secuenciacion del ADN y la especializacion de los micobiontes se midio a traves de parametros de interaccion calculando el numero relativo de interacciones (grado normalizado; ND) y la especializacion de cada especie en funcion de su discriminacion de una seleccion aleatoria de simbiontes (d). Se utilizaron modelos lineales mixtos generalizados filogeneticos para analizar el efecto del tamano del parche, asi como los rasgos de tipo de crecimiento (crustaceo, folioso, frutal) y el modo de reproduccion (sexual frente a asexual) sobre la especializacion de los micobiontes. C_LIO_LITanto la riqueza de micobiontes como de fotobiontes a lo largo del gradiente de tamano de los parches siguio un patron de U inversa, que fue mas pronunciado en los fotobiontes. Los micobiontes que forman biotipos crustaceos establecieron el mayor numero de interacciones. La especializacion de los micobiontes (d) fue mayor para los biotipos fruticulosos y foliosos y para las especies con reproduccion vegetativa. A lo largo del gradiente del tamano del fragmento, el numero relativo de interacciones disminuyo y la especializacion de los micobiontes con reproduccion vegetativa aumento. C_LIO_LISintesis: El analisis de la especializacion de los micobiontes hacia sus fotobiontes en comunidades de liquenes epifitos en un bosque mediterraneo fragmentado revelo que no se puede descartar la interaccion entre los rasgos de vida de las especies y la perdida de habitat sobre la especializacion. Los resultados tambien apuntaron a la capacidad de algunas especies para modular sus interacciones hasta cierto punto, sugiriendo que las especies podrian tener una resiliencia a los cambios abioticos mayor de lo esperado, presumiblemente creando una deuda de extincion o incluso evitando los procesos de extincion hasta cierto punto. Palabras clave: Bosque mediterraneo, epifitos, fotobiontes, hongos liquenizados, selectividad. C_LI

ecology↗