Biology subjects

Pentinmikko, N.

Publications and source records attributed to Pentinmikko, N..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Alanine catabolism of Paneth cells maintains intestinal stem cell function during dietary restriction

Background and aimsPaneth cell niche promotes the function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) during reduced food intake, but how ISC activity can be boosted when availability of resources is simultaneously reduced remains unknown. MethodsMice were subjected to dietary restriction (DR) and ad libitum (AL) dietary regime. FACS-sorted DR and AL Paneth cells and Lgr5+ stem cells were co-cultured, and organoid formation supportive capacity of Paneth cells was assessed. The role of Gpt2 - a Paneth cell specific mitochondrial alanine transaminase, was investigated by targeting pharmacologically and genetically in the intestinal organoids. By using U-13C labelled Alanine, an intercellular metabolic exchange assay was developed - and a conversion and transport of lactate from Paneth cells to stem cells, was followed by metabolomics. The in vivo role of Gpt2 was investigated in a conditional knock out mouse model. ResultsWe discovered that an increase in ISC function upon dietary restriction (DR) or DR mimicking condition, is dependent on Gpt2 in Paneth cells. Metabolic tracing of alanine directly showed DR boosts Paneth cell alanine catabolism, increasing lactate production via gluconeogenesis. Alanine derived lactate is shuttled from Paneth cells to neighboring stem cells, promoting TCA cycle and enhancing the ISC function during DR. Correspondingly, pharmacologic inhibition in vitro and genetic targeting of Gpt2 in vivo abolished the DR induced capacity of Paneth cells to support ISC function. ConclusionsOur results unravel dynamic intercellular metabolic cooperation in tissue adaptation, where Paneth cells upregulated Gpt2 catabolize increased amount of alanine to generate lactate as a transferable energy source, and to augment stem cell functions under DR.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Golgi organization is a determinant of stem cell function in the small intestine

Cell-to-cell signalling between niche and stem cells regulates tissue regeneration. While the identity of many mediating factors is known, it is largely unknown whether stem cells optimize their receptiveness to niche signals according to the niche organization. Here, we show that Lgr5+ small intestinal stem cells (ISCs) regulate the morphology and orientation of their secretory apparatus to match the niche architecture, and to increase transport efficiency of niche signal receptors. Unlike the progenitor cells lacking lateral niche contacts, ISCs orient Golgi apparatus laterally towards Paneth cells of the epithelial niche, and divide Golgi into multiple stacks reflecting the number of Paneth cell contacts. Stem cells with a higher number of lateral Golgi transported Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) with a higher efficiency than cells with one Golgi. The lateral Golgi orientation and enhanced Egfr transport required A-kinase anchor protein 9 (Akap9), and was necessary for normal regenerative capacity in vitro. Moreover, reduced Akap9 in aged ISCs renders ISCs insensitive to niche-dependent modulation of Golgi stack number and transport efficiency. Our results reveal stem cell-specific Golgi complex configuration that facilitates efficient niche signal reception and tissue regeneration, which is compromised in the aged epithelium.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Fetal-like reversion in the regenerating intestine is regulated by mesenchymal Asporin

Epithelial tissues undergo fetal-like cellular reprogramming to regenerate after damage1,2. Although the mesenchyme and the extracellular matrix (ECM) play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and regeneration2-5, their role in repurposing developmental programs in epithelium is unknown. To model epithelial regeneration, we culture intestinal epithelium on decellularized small intestinal scaffold (iECM), and identify Asporin (Aspn), an ECM bound proteoglycan, as a critical mediator of cellular reprogramming. Aspn is produced by the mesenchyme, and we show that its effect on epithelial Tgf{beta}-signalling via CD44 is critical for fetal-like conversion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Aspn is transiently increased upon chemotherapy-induced damage and pivotal for a timely induction of the fetal-like state and tissue regeneration. In summary, we establish a platform for modelling epithelial injury responses ex vivo, and show that the mesenchymal Aspn-producing niche controls tissue repair by regulating epithelial fetal-like reprogramming.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Laminin alpha 5 is Necessary for Mammary Epithelial Growth and Function by Maintaining Luminal Epithelial Cell Identity

Epithelial attachment to the basement membrane (BM) is essential for mammary gland development, yet the exact roles of specific BM components remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that expression of distinct laminin -isoforms by luminal and basal mammary epithelial cells enforces lineage identity that is necessary for normal mammary gland growth and function. Laminin 5 (LM5) is mainly expressed by the luminal epithelial cells, and it is necessary for pubertal mammary gland growth, pregnancy induced gland remodeling, and for alveolar function. Adhesion to LM5 containing laminin promotes luminal traits in both luminal and basal epithelial cells, and reduces progenitor activity of basal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, we show that Lama5 loss interferes with differentiation of hormone receptor positive luminal cells, which results in reduced Wnt4 expression and defective crosstalk between luminal and basal epithelial cells during gland remodeling. Our results reveal a novel BM-mediated mechanism, which regulates mammary gland remodeling and function via specification of luminal epithelial cells.

cell biology↗