Biology subjects

Pancholi, R.

Publications and source records attributed to Pancholi, R..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Sparse and distributed cortical populations mediate sensorimotor integration

Touch information is central to sensorimotor integration, yet little is known about how cortical touch and movement representations interact. Touch- and movement-related activity is present in both somatosensory and motor cortices, making both candidate sites for touch-motor interactions. We studied touch-motor interactions in layer 2/3 of the primary vibrissal somatosensory and motor cortices of behaving mice. Volumetric two-photon calcium imaging revealed robust responses to whisker touch, whisking, and licking in both areas. Touch activity was dominated by a sparse population of broadly tuned neurons responsive to multiple whiskers that exhibited longitudinal stability and disproportionately influenced interareal communication. Movement representations were similarly dominated by sparse, stable, reciprocally projecting populations. In both areas, many broadly tuned touch cells also produced robust licking or whisking responses. These touch-licking and touch-whisking neurons showed distinct dynamics suggestive of specific roles in shaping movement. Cortical touch-motor interactions are thus mediated by specialized populations of highly responsive, broadly tuned neurons.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Microstimulation of sensory cortex engages natural sensory representations

Cortical activity patterns occupy a small subset of possible network states. If this is due to intrinsic network properties, microstimulation of cortex should evoke activity patterns resembling those observed during natural sensory input. Here, we use optical microstimulation of virally transfected layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse primary vibrissal somatosensory cortex to compare artificially evoked activity with natural activity evoked by whisker touch and movement ( whisking). We find that photostimulation engages touch but not whisking responsive neurons more than expected by chance. Neurons that respond to photostimulation and touch or to touch alone exhibit higher spontaneous pairwise correlations than purely photoresponsive neurons. Exposure to several days of simultaneous touch and optogenetic stimulation raises both overlap and spontaneous activity correlations among touch and photoresponsive neurons. We thus find that cortical microstimulation engages existing cortical representations and that repeated co-presentation of natural and artificial stimulation enhances this effect.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Columnar scale lesions in barrel cortex degrade tactile discrimination but not detection

Primary sensory cortices typically display functional topography, suggesting that even small cortical volumes may underpin perception of specific stimuli. Because traditional loss-of-function approaches have a relatively large radius of effect (>1 mm), the behavioral necessity of smaller cortical volumes remains unclear. In the mouse primary vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1), barrels with a radius of [~]150 m receive input predominantly from a single whisker, partitioning vS1 into a topographic map of well-defined columns. Here, we train animals implanted with a cranial window over vS1 to perform single-whisker perceptual tasks. We then use high-power laser exposure centered on the barrel representing the spared whisker to produce lesions with an average volume of [~]2 barrels. These columnar scale lesions impair performance on object location discrimination tasks without disrupting vibrissal kinematics. Animals with degraded discrimination performance can immediately perform a detection task with high accuracy. Animals trained de novo on both simple and complex detection tasks showed no behavioral deficits following columnar scale lesions. Thus, vS1 barrels are necessary for performing object location discrimination but not simple or complex object detection behaviors.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Sensory cortical dynamics during optical microstimulation training

Sensory cortical representations can be highly dynamic, raising the question of how representational stability impacts perception. We used volumetric two-photon calcium imaging to track neural activity as mice learned an optical microstimulation task. Mice were required to report the number of photostimulation pulses delivered to opsin-expressing neurons in layer 2/3 of primary vibrissal somatosensory cortex. We found that the amount of photostimulus-evoked activity could predict animal choice. Over the course of training, this photostimulus-evoked activity rapidly declined, particularly among highly photoresponsive neurons. Population activity levels across training were similar between animals that learned and those that did not. However, the photoresponsive population exhibited turnover both within and across behavioral sessions that was elevated among animals that failed to learn. Animals that failed to learn also exhibited a faster deterioration in stimulus decoding. Our results show that the rate at which sensory cortical representations change constrains learning and impacts behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Recurrent interactions in local cortical circuits

The majority of cortical synapses are local and excitatory. Local recurrent circuits could implement amplification, allowing for pattern completion and other computations1. Cortical circuits contain subnetworks, consisting of neurons with similar receptive fields and elevated connectivity relative to the network average2,3. Understanding the computations performed by these subnetworks during behavior has been hampered by the fact that cortical neurons encoding different types of information are spatially intermingled and distributed over large brain volumes 4,5. We used computational modeling, optical recordings and manipulations to probe the function of recurrent coupling in layer (L) 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex during tactile discrimination. A model of L2/3 dynamics revealed that recurrent excitation enhances sensory signals via amplification, but only for subnetwork with elevated connectivity. Networks with high amplification were sensitive to damage: loss of a few subnetwork members degraded stimulus encoding. We tested this prediction experimentally by mapping neuronal selectivity5 and photoablating6,7 neurons with specific selectivity. In L2/3 of the somatosensory cortex, ablating a small proportion (10-20, < 5 % of the total) of neurons representing touch dramatically reduced responses in the spared touch representation, but not other representations. Network models further predicted that degradation following ablation should be greatest among spared neurons with stimulus responses that were most similar to the ablated population. Consistent with this prediction, ablations most strongly impacted neurons with selectivity similar to the ablated population. Our data shows that recurrence among cortical neurons with similar selectivity can drive input-specific amplification during behavior.

neuroscience↗