Biology subjects

Olawoye, I. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Olawoye, I. B..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Genomic Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from healthy children in Osun State, Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been established to be a significant driver for the persistence and spread of bacterial infections. It is, therefore, essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to understand the actual dynamics of AMR in Nigeria. Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella quasivariicola (n=1), Enterobacter hormaechei (n=1), and Escherichia coli (n=3) from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing using Illumina Nextseq1000/2000 and Oxford nanopore. Bioinformatics analysis reveals antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and plasmids. This pathogenic enteric bacteria harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either Col and/or Inc type associated with outbreaks and AMR resistant gene pmrB responsible for colistin resistance. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integrated tetA gene responsible for tetracycline resistance, and caa gene responsible for toxin production in two of the E.coli isolates, and a cusC gene known to induce neonatal meningitis in the K. quasivariicola ST3879. The global spread of MDR pathogenic enteric bacteria is a worrying phenomenon, and close surveillance of healthy individuals, especially children, is strongly recommended to prevent the continuous spread and achieve the elimination and eradication of these infections. Molecular epidemiological surveillance using whole genome sequencing (WGS) will improve the detection of MDR pathogens in Nigeria.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2022

Emergence and Genomic Characterization of Multidrug resistant Candida auris in West Africa.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that has become a worldwide public health threat due to limitations of treatment options, difficulty in diagnosis, and its potential for clonal transmission. Antifungal suceptibility tests and next generation sequencing were carried out on cultured isolates. Bioinformatics analysis was done using variant calling methods and genome-wide short nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny. Here, we report the first four cases of C. auris infection and colonization reported in West Africa. A total of four isolates from four reported cases of candidemia were analyzed. Three patients had fungaemia, which led to fatal invasive infection and the last patient was a likely case of colonization. Of the four patients, two had mutations which conferred resistance to the antifungal azole group and other non-synonymous mutations in hotspot genes such as ERG2, ERG11 and FKS1. Isolates from these patients clustered to clades I and IV, which indicates more than one introduction of C.auris into Nigeria. The first report of C. auris in Nigeria and West Africa is of public health importance as this report will aid identification, surveillance and intervention of resistant drug resistant candidiasis in the region.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Pan-genome analysis of Mycobacterium africanum: insights to dynamics and evolution

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of seven major lineages with three of them reported to circulate within West Africa: lineage 5 (West African 1) and lineage 6 (West African 2) which are geographically restricted to West Africa and lineage 4 (Euro-American lineage) which is found globally. It is unclear why the West African lineages are not found elsewhere; some hypotheses suggest that it could either be harboured by an animal reservoir which is restricted to West Africa, or strain preference for hosts of West African ethnicity, or inability to compete with other lineages in other locations. We tested the hypothesis that M. africanum (MAF) might have emigrated out of West Africa but was outcompeted by more virulent strains of M. tuberculosis (MTB). Whole genome sequences of MTB from Nigeria (n=21), China (n=21) and MAF from Mali (n=24) were retrieved, and a pan-genome analysis was performed after fully annotating these genomes. The outcome of this analysis shows that Lineages 4, 5 and 6 have relatively close pan-genomes whilst lineage 2 has an open pan-genome. We also see a correlation in numbers of some multiple copy core genes and amino acid substitution with lineage specificity that may have contributed to geographical distribution of these lineages. The findings in this study provides a perspective to one of the hypotheses that M. africanum might find it difficult to compete against the more modern lineages outside West Africa hence its localization to the geographical region.

genomics↗