Targeting the SHP2 phosphatase promotes vascular damage and inhibition of tumor growth
The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is oncogenic in cancers driven by receptor-tyrosine-kinases, and SHP2 inhibition reduces tumor growth. Here, we report that SHP2 is an essential promoter of endothelial cell survival and growth in the remodeling tumor vasculature. Using genetic and chemical approaches to inhibit SHP2 activity in endothelial cells, we show that SHP2 inhibits pro-apoptotic STAT3 and stimulates proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. Systemic SHP2 inhibition in mice bearing tumors selected for SHP2-independent tumor-cell growth, promotes degeneration of the tumor vasculature and blood extravasation; reduces tumor vascularity and blood perfusion; and increases tumor hypoxia and necrosis. Reduction of tumor growth ensues, independent of SHP2 targeting in the tumor cells, blocking immune checkpoints or recruiting anti-tumor macrophages. We also show that inhibiting the Angiopoietin/TIE2/AKT cascade magnifies the vascular and anti-tumor effects of SHP2 inhibition by blocking tumor endothelial AKT signaling, not a target of SHP2. Since the SHP2 and Ang2/TIE2 pathways are active in vascular endothelial cells of human melanoma and colon carcinoma, SHP2 inhibitors alone or with Ang2/Tie2 inhibitors hold promise to effectively target the tumor endothelium.