Biology subjects

Nur, S. M.

Publications and source records attributed to Nur, S. M..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

MLL3/4 methyltransferases regulate the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells via cellular respiration

Enhancer-regulating epigenetic modifiers play critical roles in normal physiological processes and human pathogenesis. The major enhancer regulator paralogs MLL3 and MLL4 (MLL3/4) belong to the lysine methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family, which catalyzes the methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me). MLL3/4 are required for enhancer activation and are essential for mammalian development and stem cell differentiation. Although recent studies have linked MLL3/4 with different metabolic pathways in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and cancer cell growth, the mechanisms connecting enhancer function to metabolic control remain elusive. Here, using respiration flux assays, stable isotope tracing, transcriptomics, and stem cell biology techniques, we show that the loss of MLL3/4 impairs glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in murine embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, MLL3/4 deficiency suppresses the expression of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) and compromises the function of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex, thereby coordinately impairing central carbon metabolism. Remarkably, combined restoration of HK2 and OGDH rescues the metabolic defects caused by MLL3/4 loss and reinstates differentiation capacity. Taken together, our study identifies a direct link between enhancer-regulating epigenetic machineries and metabolic control of cell fate transition, providing a mechanistic framework for understanding how enhancer malfunction contributes to developmental abnormalities and human diseases.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2025

H3K79 methylation and H3K36 tri-methylation synergistically regulate gene expression in pluripotent stem cells

In metazoans, nucleosomes harboring H3K79 methylation (H3K79me) deposited by the histone methyltransferase DOT1L decorate actively transcribed genes. Although DOT1L is implicated in transcription regulation and pathogenesis of human diseases such as leukemia and neurological disorders, the role of H3K79me in these biological processes remains elusive. Here, we reveal a novel functional synergism between H3K79me and H3K36 tri-methylation (H3K36me3), another histone modification enriched at active genes, in regulating gene expression and neural cell fate transition. Simultaneous catalytic inactivation of DOT1L and the H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 via gene editing leads to the global loss of H3K79me and H3K36me3, hyperactive transcription, and failures in neural differentiation. Interestingly, the loss of H3K79me and H3K36me3 causes increased transcription elongation, gained chromatin accessibility at a group of enhancers, and increased binding of TEAD4 transcription factor and its co-activator YAP1 at these enhancers. Furthermore, YAP-TEAD inhibition partially restores the expression levels of hyperactivated genes upon H3K79me/H3K36me3 loss. Taken together, our study demonstrates a synergistic role of H3K79me and H3K36me3 in regulating transcription and cell fate transition, unveils novel mechanisms underlying such synergism, and provides insight into designing therapies that target diseases driven by misregulation or mutations of DOT1L and/or SETD2.

genetics↗