Angiocrine factors from HUVECs amplify erythroid cells
Erythropoiesis is regulated by microenvironmental factors from the vasculature. Enhanced erythropoiesis, which occurs under stress or during development, amplifies erythroid cells to meet the demand of red blood cells. This process uncouples cell division and differentiation, thus the accumulated erythroid cells remain undifferentiated in the vasculature. However, little is known about how vascular endothelial cells (ECs) regulate erythropoiesis. Here we identified that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) keep erythroid cells undifferentiated and amplify their number. We determined that HUVECs amplify erythroid cells via secreted angiocrine factors. The expression profile of these factors suggested that they resemble macrophage-crines for enhanced erythropoiesis. Molecularly, HUVECs mediate the activation of ERK signaling. These data indicate that angiocrine factors from HUVECs enhance erythropoiesis via the amplification of undifferentiated erythroid cells. Our study contributes to the ultimate goal of harnessing erythropoiesis to replace blood transfusions.