Biology subjects

Neumann, K.

Publications and source records attributed to Neumann, K..

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Hepatic huntingtin loss drives an acute phase response and liver injury in multiple mouse models

Multiple therapeutic strategies are being developed to slow Huntingtons disease (HD) progression through targeted reduction of huntingtin (HTT) protein or mRNA. Despite HTTs discovery over 30 years ago, its cellular functions remain incompletely understood, and the long-term consequences of HTT-lowering therapies remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that hepatic HTT loss in mice disrupts hepatocyte zonation and metabolism. Here, we investigate the physiological consequences of hepatic Htt loss. Across multiple models of Htt loss--including ubiquitous and hepatocyte-specific genetic knockouts and a therapeutically relevant Htt-targeting siRNA--there was elevated expression of IL-6/STAT3-driven acute phase response genes. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals a zonal pattern of hepatocyte stress, most highly upregulated in pericentral hepatocytes, and identifies a distinct pericentral cluster of stressed hepatocytes that was enriched [~]9.6-fold following Htt knockout. Histological examination reveals that Htt loss results in increased hepatic pathology, including hepatic intranuclear inclusions, apoptosis, and necrosis, as well as prevalence of granulomas. Transcriptomic analysis reveals significant upregulation of metallothionein genes following Htt loss, as confirmed by elevated plasma metallothionein-1 (MT1) levels in knockout mice. These findings underscore important safety considerations for HTT-lowering therapies and suggest candidate biomarkers for monitoring hepatic off-target effects in clinical trials.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Substantial Deceleration of Adaptation of HIV-1 Within 1,500 Generations in an Experimental Evolution: A Genomic Perspective

Numerous experimental evolution studies have suggested that adaptation rate of microbial populations evolving in stable environments decline over time. Despite the generality of this phenomenon across different domains of life, the timing and magnitude of decline in adaptation can vary greatly based on the idiosyncrasies of the biological system. To investigate the characteristics of adaptation deceleration in a fast-evolving virus, we propagated HIV-1 in two human T-cell lines (MT-2 and MT-4) for approximately 4.8 years and tracked its genome evolution through next-generation sequencing. The curated sequencing data covering the whole-genome can be accessed and explored via LTEEviz, an interactive web application. Time-resolved sequencing data uncovered that despite constant fixation rate of 0.085 (MT-2) and 0.042 (MT-4) mutations per generation, the fixation kinetics of adaptive mutations changed considerably over time. The rate of fixation of adaptive parallel mutations decreased by 44% per 300 generations, while their conferred fitness gain decreased by 27% (MT-2) and 18% (MT-4) per every added adaptive mutation in their genetic background. The early and substantial deceleration of adaptation in our HIV-1 populations can, at least in part, be explained by diminishing gains of adaptive mutations. Furthermore, we identified genomic patterns consistent with a hard selective sweep that occurred in one population later in the experiment. Together, our results confirm that HIV-1 genomic evolution is characterized by a swift and substantial deceleration of adaptation, while also revealing that episodes of positive selection can occur beyond the initial adaptive phase.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Terrigenous inputs link nutrient dynamics to microbial communities in a tropical lagoon

Nutrient availability drives community structure and ecosystem processes, especially in tropical lagoons that are typically oligotrophic but often receive allochthonous inputs from land. Terrestrially-derived nutrients are introduced to tropical lagoons by surface runoff and submarine groundwater discharge, which are influenced by seasonal precipitation. Lagoon habitats are distributed along an onshore-offshore gradient; terrigenous inputs presumably diminish along the same continuum. We characterized nutrient enrichment in the lagoons of a tropical high island, Moorea, French Polynesia, using spatially distributed measurements of nitrogen content in the tissues of a widespread macroalga during the rainy season over four years. We used synoptic water column sampling to identify associations among macroalgal nutrient content and the composition of inorganic macronutrients, dissolved organic matter, and microbial communities. We paired these data with quantifications of land use in nearby watersheds to uncover links between terrestrial factors, aquatic chemistry, and microbial communities. Algal N content was highest near shore and near large, human-impacted watersheds, and lower at offshore sites. Sites with high algal N had water columns with high nitrite + nitrate, silicate, and increased humic organic matter (based on a fluorescence humification index), especially following rain. Microbial communities were differentiated among nearshore habitats and covaried with algal N and water chemistry, supporting the hypothesis that terrigenous nutrient enrichment shapes microbial dynamics in otherwise oligotrophic tropical lagoons. This study reveals that land-sea connections create nutrient subsidies that are important for lagoon biogeochemistry and microbiology, indicating that changes in land use or precipitation will modify ecosystem processes in tropical lagoons.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2025

panomiX: Investigating Mechanisms Of Trait Emergence Through Multi-Omics Data Integration

Complex omics approaches and high-throughput phenotyping generate large, heterogeneous datasets that make linking molecular signatures to plant traits challenging. To address this challenge, here we introduce panomiX, a user-friendly toolbox for multi-omics integration, designed to enable non-experts to apply advanced computational methods with ease. panomiX automates data preprocessing, variance analysis, multi-omics prediction, and interaction modeling through machine learning, revealing meaningful molecular interactions and synergies. We applied panomiX to a tomato heat-stress experiment combining image-based phenotyping, transcriptomics, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data, with the aim of identification of condition-specific, cross-domain relationships between gene expression, metabolite levels, and phenotypic traits. Our approach identified a network of such connections, with those linking photosynthesis traits with stress-responsive kinases in elevated temperatures among most significant ones. By simplifying complex analyses and improving interpretability, panomiX offers a platform to accelerate the discovery of trait emergence in plants and select specific candidate genes based on multi-omics analyses.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2025

A non-catalytic role for MLL2 in controlling chromatin organisation and mobility during the priming of pluripotent cells for differentiation

How the chromatin regulator MLL2 (KMT2B) influences cell differentiation remains poorly understood. MLL2 is the main histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethyltransferase acting at bivalent promoters in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and is required for ESCs to differentiate into neuroectoderm. We show here that this requirement occurs during exit from naive pluripotency, days before neuroectoderm differentiation is impaired. Although MLL2 knockout has only a subtle effect on transcription during exit, reducing the expression of a few important neuroectodermal transcription factors, it substantially remodels chromatin architecture, disrupting 3D chromatin loops associated with bivalent promoters. The enzymatic activity of MLL2 is not needed for stabilising these loops or for neuroectoderm differentiation. This non-catalytic function of MLL2 in stabilising 3D chromatin loops has implications for lineage specification. Because MLL2 shares features with all four MLLs, chromatin tethering, rather than H3K4 methylation, may represent the primary function of MLL proteins during lineage commitment.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Generation and application of novel hES cell reporter lines for the differentiation and maturation of hPS cell-derived islet-like clusters

The significant advances in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells into pancreatic endocrine cells, including functional {beta}-cells, have been based on a detailed understanding of the underlying developmental mechanisms. However, the final differentiation steps, leading from endocrine progenitors to mono-hormonal and mature pancreatic endocrine cells, remain to be fully understood and this is reflected in the remaining shortcomings of the hPS cell-derived islet cells (SC-islet cells), which include a lack of {beta}-cell maturation and variability among different cell lines. Additional signals and modifications of the final differentiation steps will have to be assessed in a combinatorial manner to address the remaining issues and appropriate reporter lines would be useful in this undertaking. Here we report the generation and functional validation of human pluripotent stem cell reporter lines that can monitor the generation of INS+ and GCG+ cells and their resolution into mono-hormonal cells (INS eGFP, INS eGFP/ GCG mCHERRY) as well as {beta}-cell maturation (INS eGFP/ MAFA mCHERRY) and function (INS GCaMP6). The reporter hPS cell lines maintained strong and widespread expression of pluripotency markers and differentiated efficiently into definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells. PP cells from all lines differentiated efficiently into islet cell clusters that robustly expressed the corresponding reporters and contained glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells. To demonstrate the applicability of these hES cell reporter lines in a high-content live imaging approach for the identification of optimal differentiation conditions, we adapted our differentiation procedure to generate SC-islet clusters in microwells. This allowed the live confocal imaging of multiple SC-islets for a single condition and, using this approach, we found that the use of the N21 supplement in the last stage of the differentiation increased the number of monohormonal {beta}-cells without affecting the number of -cells in the SC-islets. The hPS cell reporter lines and the high-content live imaging approach described here will enable the efficient assessment of multiple conditions for the optimal differentiation and maturation of SC-islets.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Adaptive gene loss in the common bean pan-genome during range expansion and domestication

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crucial grain legume crop [1,2] whose life history offers an ideal evolutionary model to identify and study adaptive variants in wild and domestication populations [3]. Here we present the first common bean pan-genome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads representing 339 genotypes. We found [~]243 Mb of additional sequences containing 7,495 protein-coding genes missing from the reference, constituting 51% of the total presence/absence variations (PAVs). There were more putatively deleterious mutations in PAVs than core genes, probably reflecting the lower effective population size of PAVs as well as fitness advantages due to the purging effect of gene loss. Our results suggest strong pan-genome shrinkage occurred during wild range expansion from Mexico to South America, with more PAV loss per individual in Andean vs Mesoamerican populations. Selection signatures during wild spreading and domestication were also associated with PAV loss involved in important adaptive traits. Our findings provide evidence that partial or complete gene loss was a key adaptive trait leading to localized and genome-wide reductions. This novel result has major implications for the understanding of the process of plant adaptation and claims for a paradigm shift in evolutionary genetics. Moreover, the common bean pan-genome is a valuable resource for food legume research and breeding towards climate change mitigation, and sustainable agriculture.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Regulation of multiple signaling pathways promotes the consistent expansion of human pancreatic progenitors in defined conditions

The unlimited expansion of human progenitor cells in vitro could unlock many prospects for regenerative medicine. However, it remains an important challenge as it requires the decoupling of the mechanisms supporting progenitor self-renewal and expansion from those mechanisms promoting their differentiation. This study focuses on the expansion of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell derived pancreatic progenitors (PP) to advance novel therapies for diabetes. We obtained mechanistic insights into PP expansion requirements and, through a hypothesis-driven iterative approach, identified conditions for the robust and unlimited expansion of hPS cell derived PP cells under GMP-compliant conditions. We show that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling and inhibition of selected branches of the TGF{beta} and Wnt signaling pathways are necessary for the effective decoupling of PP proliferation from differentiation. This enabled the reproducible, 2000-fold, over ten passages and 40-45 days, expansion of PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells. Transcriptome analyses confirmed the stabilisation of PP identity and the effective suppression of differentiation. Using these conditions, PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells, derived from different, both XY and XX, hPS cells lines, were enriched to nearly 90% homogeneity and expanded with very similar kinetics and efficiency. Furthermore, non-expanded and expanded PP cells, from different hPS cell lines, were differentiated in microwells into homogeneous islet-like clusters (SC-islets) with very similar efficiency. These clusters contained abundant {beta}-cells of comparable functionality as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. These findings established the signaling requirements to decouple PP proliferation from differentiation and allowed the consistent expansion of hPS cell derived PP cells. They will enable the establishment of large banks of GMP-derived PP cells derived from diverse hPS cell lines. This approach will streamline SC-islet production for further development of the differentiation process, diabetes research, personalized medicine and cell therapies.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection associated immune perturbations correlate with antiretroviral immunity

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the most important opportunistic infections in people with HIV-1 (PWH). While active Tuberculosis (TB) leads to rapid progression of immunodeficiency in PWH, the interaction between MTB and HIV-1 during the asymptomatic phase of both infections remains poorly understood. In a cohort of individuals with HIV (PWH) with and without suppressed HIV-1 viral load, the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) clustered in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) compared to carefully matched controls. Subsequent functional annotation analysis disclosed alterations in the IL-6, TNF, and KRAS pathways. Notably, MTB-associated genes demonstrated an inverse correlation with HIV-1 viremia, evident at both on individual gene level and when employed as a gene score. In sum, our data show that MTB infection in PWH is associated with a shift in the activation state of the immune system, displaying an inverse relationship with HIV-1 viral load. These results could provide an explanation for the observed increased antiretroviral control associated with MTB infection in PWH.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2022

Cerebral organoids expressing mutant actin genes reveal cellular mechanism underlying microcephalic cortical malformation

Actins are structural cytoskeletal proteins playing crucial roles in multiple cellular processes. Mutations in the ACTB and ACTG1 genes, encoding the ubiquitous beta- and gamma- cytoskeletal actin isoforms, respectively, cause a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, with microcephaly as the most frequent one. Here we used patient-derived cerebral organoids to gain insight into the pathogenesis underlying this cortical malformation. Cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with the Baraitser-Winter- CerebroFrontoFacial syndrome (BWCFF-S), expressing either an ACTB or an ACTG1 missense mutation, are reduced in size, showing a thinner ventricular zone (VZ). This decrease in VZ progenitors is in turn associated with a striking change in the orientation of their cleavage plane from predominantly vertical (control) to predominantly horizontal (BWCFF-S), which is incompatible with increasing VZ progenitor abundance. Various cytoskeletal and morphological irregularities of BWCFF-S VZ progenitors, notably in the apical region of these cells, seemingly contribute to their predominantly horizontal cleavage plane orientation. Our results provide insight into the cell biological basis of the microcephaly associated with BWCFF-S caused by actin mutations.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Tissue microenvironment dictates the state of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells of distinct developmental origin in 3D cardiac microtissues

Each tissue and organ in the body has its own type of vasculature. Here we demonstrate that organotypic vasculature for the heart can be recreated in a three-dimensional cardiac microtissue (MT) model composed of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs). ECs in cardiac MTs upregulated expression of markers enriched in human intramyocardial ECs (iECs), such as CD36, CLDN5, APLNR, NOTCH4, IGFBP3, ARHGAP18, which were previously identified in the single-cell RNA-seq dataset from the human fetal heart (6.5-7 weeks post coitum). We further show that the local microenvironment largely dictates the organ-specific identity of hiPSC-derived ECs: we compared ECs of different developmental origins derived from two distinct mesoderm subtypes (cardiac and paraxial mesoderm) and found that independent of whether the ECs were cardiac or paraxial mesoderm derived, they acquired similar identities upon integration into cardiac microtissues. This was confirmed by single-cell RNA-seq. Overall, the results indicated that whilst the initial gene profile of ECs was dictated by developmental origin, this could be modified by the local tissue environment such that the original identity was lost and the organotypic identity acquired through local environmental signals. This developmental "plasticity" in ECs has implications for multiple pathological and disease states.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Selection and adaptive introgression guided the complex evolutionary history of European common bean

Domesticated crops have been disseminated by humans over vast geographic areas. After 1492, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced in Europe. Here, we combine whole-genome profiling, metabolic fingerprinting and phenotypic characterisation, and we show that the first common bean cultigens successfully introduced into Europe were of Andean origin, after Francisco Pizarros expedition to northern Peru in 1529. We show that hybridisation, selection and recombination have shaped the genomic diversity of the European common bean in parallel with political constraints. There is clear evidence of adaptive introgression into the Mesoamerican-derived European genotypes, with 44 Andean introgressed genomic segments shared by more than 90% of European accessions and distributed across all chromosomes except PvChr11. Genomic scans for signatures of selection highlight the role of genes relevant to flowering and environmental adaptation, suggesting that introgression has been crucial for the dissemination of this tropical crop to the temperate regions of Europe.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2022

Transcriptional and clonal characterization of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in crescentic glomerulonephritis

Crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN), most often caused by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, is an aggressive form of immune-mediated kidney disease and represents an important cause of end-stage renal failure. Although it is known that T cells infiltrate the kidney in cGN, their precise role in autoimmune kidney disease remains to be fully elucidated. By performing single-cell analysis, we identified activated, clonally expanded CD8+ T cells with a cytotoxic gene expression profile in the kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated cGN. Using an experimental model of cGN, we demonstrated that clonally expanded murine CD8+ T cells highly expressed the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B. Moreover, lack of CD8+ T cells or granzyme B resulted in an ameliorated course of cGN. This was associated with reduced cleaved caspase-3 induction in renal tissue cells. Our data indicate that clonally expanded cytotoxic CD8+ T cells have a previously unrecognized pathogenic function in aggravating immune-mediated kidney disease.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2022

Human photoreceptor cell transplants integrate into human retina organoids

Cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach to recover loss of neurons and vision in patient retinas. So far, human photoreceptor transplants restored some visual function in degenerating mouse retina. Whether retinal cell transplants also integrate into human retina, and how to optimize this for different pathologies are still unknown. Here, we sought to determine if human retina organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells might assist cell replacement therapy development in a human-to-human setting. Models for intra- and subretinal cell transplantation strategies were explored: Photoreceptor donor cells carrying a transgenic fluorescent reporter were enriched from acutely dissociated human retinal organoids. Donor cells were precisely transplanted by microinjection into the retina of host organoids, but high cell numbers might require multiple injections posing potential damage. Alternatively, donor cells were transplanted in large numbers by placing them in subretinal-like contact to the apical organoid surface. Using postmitotic retinal organoids (age >170-days) as a source for donor cells and as hosts, we show that six weeks after subretinal-like transplantation, large clusters of photoreceptors reproducibly incorporate into the host retina. Transplanted clusters frequently are located within or across the host photoreceptor layer, include cone and rod photoreceptors, and become infiltrated by cell processes of host Muller glia, indicative of structural integration. Histological and ultrastructural data of virally-labeled photoreceptor transplants show characteristic morphological and structural features of polarized photoreceptors: inner segments and ribbon synapses, and donor-host cell contacts develop contributing to the retinal outer limiting membrane. These results demonstrate that human retinal organoids provide a preclinical research system for cell replacement therapies. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=193 SRC="FIGDIR/small/500037v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (44K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3a405dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@57c4deorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3de9c5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@be9820_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

The logic of native enhancer-promoter compatibility and cell-type-specific gene expression variation

Cis-regulatory enhancers are essential for differential expression of developmental and housekeeping genes. However, the specificity of native mammalian enhancers and how it shapes cell-type-specific gene expression landscapes remain largely unknown. We show that endogenous enhancers are broadly compatible with the promoters of developmental and housekeeping genes. Broad enhancer compatibility affords retrofitting new regulatory capabilities to housekeeping genes that evolved before the advent of enhancers. This enables cell-type-specific tuning of ubiquitously expressed genes. Segregation between enhancer-dependent and -independent type regulation is blurred. Within the same cell type, a single promoter can be activated by enhancers and non-enhancer promoter-regulatory elements (PREs). It is the tunable and integrated strengths of enhancers and PREs that quantitatively shape gene expression landscapes, within and across cell types. Our findings have broad implications for understanding cell-type-specific quantitative gene expression variation, as well as the emergence and rewiring of gene regulatory networks in disease and organismal evolution.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2021

FUCCI-based live imaging platform reveals cell cycle dynamics and identifies pro-proliferative compounds in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes

One of the major goals in cardiac regeneration research is to replace lost ventricular tissue with new cardiomyocytes. However, cardiomyocyte proliferation drops to low levels in neonatal hearts and is no longer efficient in compensating for the loss of functional myocardium in heart disease. We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte-specific cell cycle indicator system (TNNT2-FUCCI) to characterize regular and aberrant cardiomyocyte cycle dynamics. We visualized cell cycle progression in TNNT2-FUCCI and found G2 cycle arrest in endoreplicating cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we devised a live-cell compound screening platform to identify pro-proliferative drug candidates. We found that the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in neonatal mice. In conclusion, the TNNT2-FUCCI system is a valuable tool to characterize cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and identify pro-proliferative candidates with regenerative potential in the mammalian heart.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Genetic diversity, distribution and domestication history of the neglected GGAtAt genepool of wheat

Wheat yields are stagnating around the world and new sources of genes for resistance or tolerances to abiotic traits are required. In this context, the tetraploid wheat wild relatives are among the key candidates for wheat improvement. Despite of its potential huge value for wheat breeding, the tetraploid GGAtAt genepool is largely neglected. Understanding the population structure, native distribution range, intraspecific variation of the entire tetraploid GGAtAt genepool and its domestication history would further its use for wheat improvement. We report the first comprehensive survey of genomic and cytogenetic diversity sampling the full breadth and depth of the tetraploid GGAtAt genepool. We show that the extant GGAtAt genepool consists of three distinct lineages. We provide detailed insights into the cytogenetic composition of GGAtAt wheats, revealed group-, and population-specific markers and show that chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in intraspecific diversity of T. araraticum. We discuss the origin and domestication history of the GGAtAt lineages in the context of state-of-the-art archaeobotanical finds. We shed new light on the complex evolutionary history of the GGAtAt wheat genepool. We provide the basis for an increased use of the GGAtAt wheat genepool for wheat improvement. The findings have implications for our understanding of the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2020

On the origin of photoperiod non-responsiveness in barley

In barley, the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase is complex and under the control of photoperiodic and temperature conditions. One major gene involved is PPD-H1, a PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7) that encodes a component of the circadian clock. Mutation at PPD-H1 resulted in the photoperiod non-responsive ppd-H1 alleles that are beneficial under high latitudinal environments as they allow vegetative growth during the long-day summer conditions whereby higher yields are harvested by farmers. Utilizing a diverse GWAS panel of world-wide origin and a genome-wide gene-based set of 50K SNP markers, a strong association of days to heading with the PPD-H1 gene was detected in multi-location field trials. Re-sequencing of the gene spanning putative causative SNPs, SNP22 (Turner et al. 2005) and SNP48 (Jones et al. 2008), detected recombination between the two, previously reported to be in complete LD. Phenotyping of the recombinants and phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes supported the original conclusion of Turner et al. (2005) that SNP22, present in the CCT domain, is the most likely causative SNP. To infer the origin of non-responsiveness, the PPD-H1 gene was re-sequenced in a geo-referenced collection of 2057 wild and domesticated barleys and compared with the allelic status of the 6000-year-old barley sample from the Yoram cave in the Masada cliff. A monophyletic and post-domestication origin in the Fertile Crescent was found in contrast to the pre-domestication origin proposed by Jones et al. (2008). We show that the photoperiod non-responsiveness originated from Desert type wild barley in the Southern Levant.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text

plant biology↗