Biology subjects

Neher, J. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Neher, J. J..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Ischemic injury triggers a protective microglial phenotype in models of Aβ pathology

Microglia are highly plastic cells that are capable of integrating subsequent insults. As the majority of Alzheimers Disease (AD) patients also show cerebrovascular pathology, we here aimed to dissect the interactions between AD and ischemic brain injury on the microglial response to amyloid beta (A{beta}) pathology. Surprisingly, we find that ischemic stroke in the presence of cerebral {beta}-amyloidosis results in the generation of a novel neuroprotective microglial phenotype. These microglia drive a rapid accumulation of highly dense A{beta} plaques that exhibit a relatively benign nature and are strikingly similar to A{beta} plaques observed in patients that are resilient to AD pathology. Thus, our data do not only highlight the impact of a co-morbid state of brain ischemia and A{beta} pathology on the microglial phenotype but also identify novel molecular pathways that may serve to promote beneficial microglial functions in AD.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Medin drives Aβ40 to adopt Aβ42-like fibril polymorphs in vitro

Medin, a vascular amyloid derived from MFG-E8, is the most prevalent form of localized human amyloid and co-localizes with A{beta} in Alzheimers disease and, in particular, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While it was shown that medin can promote A{beta} aggregation, it remains unclear whether this amyloid-amyloid interaction affects the structure of the resulting fibrils. Here, we investigate how medin modulates A{beta}40 fibril assembly in vitro using cryo-electron microscopy, aggregation kinetics, and immunogold electron microscopy. We show that medin accelerates A{beta}40 aggregation, co-assembles into hybrid fibrils, and modulates fibril morphology. Cryo-EM analysis reveals two fibril populations: one corresponding to a previously described in vitro A{beta}40 morphology, and a second, previously unobserved polymorph with A{beta}42-like features, including a structured N-terminus and a compact hydrophobic C-terminal core. The presence of a peripheral, unresolved cryo-EM density near the fibril surface suggests that the new polymorph is stabilised through heterotypic interactions, yet the atomic details remain unresolved, likely due to substantial structural heterogeneity. Rather than representing a limitation, this highlights how not all determinants critical for fibril assembly are necessarily ordered or resolvable in the final fibril structure, reflecting the inherent dynamic and heterogeneous nature of amyloid interactions. Our findings provide structural evidence that heterotypic co-aggregation can redirect A{beta}40 into distinct conformational states and suggest that dynamic or transient interactions contribute to fibril polymorphism beyond what can be fully captured in static structural models.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

TREM2 expression level is critical for microglial state, metabolic capacity and efficacy of TREM2 agonism

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a central regulator of microglial activity and sequence variants are major risk factors for late onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD). To better understand the molecular and functional changes associated with TREM2 signalling, we generated a TREM2 reporter mouse model and observed a gradual upregulation of reporter expression with increasing plaque proximity. Isolated microglia were sorted based on reporter expression and their transcriptomic profiles acquired in both wildtype and APP transgenic animals, allowing us to disentangle TREM2 versus pathology-specific effects. Bulk RNA-sequencing highlighted TREM2 level-dependent changes in major immunometabolic pathways, with enrichment of genes in oxidative phosphorylation and cholesterol metabolism in microglia with increased TREM2 expression. To confirm these findings, we next analysed uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and examined metabolomic and lipidomic profiles. Again, independent of A{beta} pathology, TREM2 expression correlated with uptake of FDG as well as increased cellular redox, energetics, and cholesterol homeostasis. Finally, we performed chronic treatment with a brain penetrant TREM2 agonist and identified a window of TREM2 expression where microglia are most responsive. Thus, our data provide novel insights into TREM2-mediated regulation of microglial metabolic function and informs current efforts to bring TREM2 agonists into clinical application.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Autoimmune antibody-induced neuronal hyperactivity triggers pathological Tau in IgLON5 disease

Anti-IgLON5 disease is an autoimmune disease, in which autoantibodies (AABs) against the neuronal cell surface protein IgLON5 lead to profound brain dysfunction and Tau pathology. How -IgLON5 AABs cause neuronal Tau protein pathology and neurodegeneration remains unclear. We find that patient-derived -IgLON5 AABs cluster IgLON5 proteins with other cell surface proteins, leading to neuronal hyperactivity that triggers pathological Tau missorting and phosphorylation, typically observed early in Tau-related neurodegenerative diseases. In wildtype mice, -IgLON5 AABs induce hippocampal Tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammatory responses. Our findings establish a causal link between the -IgLON5 AABs and Tau pathology in anti-IgLON5 disease patients, and highlight the role of neuronal hyperactivity as a disease-overarching driver of Tau pathology and provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Teaser-IgLON5 autoantibodies induce clustering of neuronal cell surface proteins, leading to acute neuronal hyperactivity and Tau missorting.

neuroscience↗