Antiviral action of different molecules obtained from invertebrates against coronavirus
The few availability of antivirals for new strains of highly pathogenic viruses has become a serious public health problem that leads to the death of thousands of people annually. For this reason, the search for new products against these agents has become an urgent need. Many studies have been carried out with this aim. Among the multiple sources of research for new antibiotics and antivirals, bioprospecting for molecules obtained from invertebrates, or their products, has become an increasingly frequent option. Arthropods appeared on the planet around 350 million years ago and have been one of the beings with the greatest adaptability and resistance. Invertebrates have been found in all known ecosystems. Their survival for so long, in such different environments, is an indication that they have a very efficient protection system against environmental infections, despite not having a developed immune system like mammals. Historically, products obtained mainly from bees, such as honey and propolis, have been shown to be of great pharmacologica l importance, being used as antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, healing and several other functions. However, these molecules have also been obtained from other invertebra tes, such as caterpillars and spiders. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated an intense antiviral and antimicrobial activity of these materials. In this study, we identified, isolated and characterized compounds with potent antiviral effect against avian Coronavirus in propolis from Scaptotrigona aff postica, hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua and from mygalin, an acylpolyamine, isolated from hemocytes of spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The antiviral assay was carried out by reducing infectious foci in cultures of infected cells and treated with these differents substances obtained from invertebrates. Propolis and crude hemolymph reduced avian coronavirus by an average of 256 x when used at a concentration of 5% v/v and an average reduction of 8x when 160{micro}M of Mygalin was used. Propolis purified and sinthetic hemolymph reduced the virus titer by an average 64 fold. The virus reduction with synthetic mygalin, at a concentration of 26 uM, was average of 16 times. The antiviral responses of the 3 substances were dose dependent. By the other hand, the virus titer reduction was 2 times more intense when the substances were added 1 hour before cell infection with the virus. The chemical characterization of the elements present in the extracts was carried out by liquid chromatography.