In Utero CFTR Modulation Alleviates Disease in G551D Cystic Fibrosis Pigs
Previous studies indicate that pigs with CFTR-null and CFTR-{Delta}F508 mutations develop multiorgan disease similar to that in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). At birth, their airways exhibit host defense defects that predispose to airway infection, inflammation, and mucus accumulation. The CFTR-G551D mutation causes CF by producing CFTR channels that localize correctly but have reduced channel activity. Ivacaftor (VX-770) is a small molecule drug developed to potentiate CFTR activity. To test the phenotype of the CFTR-G551D mutation in pigs and determine whether ivacaftor can rescue CF abnormalities, we developed CFTRG551D/G551D (CF-G551D) pigs through homologous recombination in fetal fibroblasts and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Newborn CF-G551D piglets exhibited phenotypes similar to CF-null piglets, including meconium ileus, exocrine pancreatic destruction, micro-gallbladder, vas deferens destruction, and airway structural abnormalities. Compared to wild-type pigs, CF-G551D pigs had reduced forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current in airway and intestinal tissues. Ivacaftor increased the single-channel open state probability of CFTR-G551D and increased short-circuit current to near wild-type levels. Similar to our other CF pig models, we found that 100% of CF-G551D pigs were born with meconium ileus. To test whether in utero ivacaftor treatment could prevent or alleviate meconium ileus, pregnant sows were treated with ivacaftor beginning at day 35 of gestation and continuing until delivery. This treatment rescued the pancreas, gallbladder, and vas deferens phenotype in the majority of CF-G551D pigs. Animals that were spared from meconium ileus were able to survive without ivacaftor treatment. Airway disease developed similar to other CF pig models. These findings indicate that this model may be useful for studies in which CFTR function can be reversed, for investigating in utero CFTR correction strategies, and for longitudinal studies in CF pigs.