Cullin-RING ligase BioE3 reveals molecular-glue-induced neosubstrates and rewiring of the endogenous Cereblon ubiquitome
BackgroundThe specificity of the ubiquitination process is mediated by the E3 ligases. Discriminating genuine substrates of E3s from mere interacting proteins is one of the major challenges in the field. We previously developed BioE3, a biotin-based approach that uses BirA-E3 fusions together with ubiquitin fused to a low-affinity AviTag to obtain a site-specific and proximity-dependent biotinylation of the substrates. We proved the suitability of BioE3 to identify targets of RING and HECT-type E3 ligases. MethodsBioE3 experiments were performed in HEK293FT and U2OS stable cell lines expressing TRIPZ-bioGEFUb transiently transfected with BirA-cereblon (CRBN). Cells were seeded using biotin-free media, adding a short-biotin pulse. We evaluated the applicability of the BioE3 system to CRBN and molecular glues by western blot and confocal microscopy, blocking the proteasome with bortezomib, inhibiting NEDDylation with MLN4924 and treating the cells with pomalidomide. For the identification of endogenous substrates and neosubstrates we analyzed the eluates of streptavidin pull-downs of BioE3 experiments by LC-MS/MS. Analysis of targets which ubiquitination changes significantly upon treatment was done using two-sided Students t-test. Orthogonal validations were performed by histidine pull-down, GFP-trap and computational modelling. ResultsHere we demonstrate that BioE3 is suitable for the multi-protein complex Cullin-RING E3s ligases (CRLs), the most utilized by targeted protein degradation strategies. Choosing CRBN as proof of concept, one of the substrate receptors of CRL4 E3 ligase, we identified both endogenous substrates and novel neosubstrates upon pomalidomide treatment, including CSDE1 which contains a G-loop motif potentially involved in the binding to CRBN in presence of pomalidomide. Importantly, we observed a major rearrangement of the endogenous ubiquitination landscape upon treatment with this molecular glue. ConclusionsThe ability of BioE3 to detect and compare both substrates and neosubstrates, as well as how substrates change in response to treatments, will facilitate both target and off-target identifications and offer a broader characterization and validation of targeted protein degradation degraders, like molecular glues and PROTACs.