Biology subjects

Moerel, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Moerel, M..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

A probabilistic atlas of the human thalamic reticular nucleus derived from 7T MRI

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin, inhibitory shell surrounding the thalamus. It regulates the thalamocortical information flow, and thereby plays a central role in attention, task switching, and the sleep-wake cycle. Despite its importance, the TRN remains poorly studied in the human brain. This is largely because its small size and deep anatomical location limit its visibility with conventional non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Here, we assessed whether the human TRN can be reliably visualised and segmented in vivo using ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla. High resolution (0.35 mm isotropic) partial-brain T2* and T1 scans were acquired from healthy individuals, followed by manual delineation of the TRN. These in vivo segmentations were compared with TRN estimates obtained from two high-quality postmortem datasets serving as an anatomical reference. In vivo segmentations of TRN volume and thickness closely matched measurements derived from the postmortem reference datasets, and quantitative comparisons showed high consistency in TRN shape and location across individuals while also capturing meaningful inter-individual variability. Using these segmentations, we constructed a publicly available probabilistic atlas of the human TRN. This atlas provides a new resource for incorporating TRN anatomy into functional, structural, and clinical neuroimaging studies. Our findings demonstrate that the human TRN can be robustly mapped in vivo at 7T and establish a foundation for future investigations into its structure and function.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Modelling homeostatic plasticity in the auditory cortex results in neural signatures of tinnitus

Tinnitus is a clinical condition where a sound is perceived without external sound source. Homeostatic plasticity (HSP), serving to increase neural activity as compensation for the reduced input to the auditory pathway after hearing loss, has been proposed as causal mechanism underlying tinnitus. In support, animal models of tinnitus show evidence of increased neural activity after hearing loss, including increased spontaneous and sound-driven firing rate, as well as increased neural noise throughout the auditory processing pathway. Bridging these findings to human tinnitus, however, has proven to be challenging. Here we implement hearing loss-induced HSP in a Wilson-Cowan Cortical Model of the auditory cortex to predict how homeostatic principles operating at the microscale translate to the meso- to macroscale accessible through human neuroimaging. We observed HSP-induced response changes in the model that were previously proposed as neural signatures of tinnitus. As expected, HSP increased spontaneous and sound-driven responsiveness in hearing-loss affected frequency channels of the model. We furthermore observed evidence of increased neural noise and the appearance of spatiotemporal modulations in neural activity, which we discuss in light of recent human neuroimaging findings. Our computational model makes quantitative predictions that require experimental validation, and may thereby serve as the basis of future human tinnitus studies. HighlightsO_LIWe implement homeostatic plasticity (HSP) in an auditory cortex computational model C_LIO_LIAfter HSP, model behavior shows neural signatures of tinnitus C_LIO_LIIncreased neural noise and oscillations match human neuroimaging findings C_LIO_LIThe proposed model can serve to design future human tinnitus studies C_LI

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Selective attention reduces responses to relevant sounds in human auditory cortex

Selective attention enables the preferential processing of relevant stimulus aspects. Invasive animal studies have shown that attending a sound feature rapidly modifies neuronal tuning throughout the auditory cortex. Human neuroimaging studies have reported enhanced auditory cortical responses with selective attention. To date, it remains unclear how the results obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans relate to the electrophysiological findings in animal models. Here we aim to close the gap between animal and human research by combining a selective attention task similar in design to those used in animal electrophysiology with high spatial resolution ultra-high field fMRI at 7 Tesla. Specifically, human participants perform a detection task, while the probability of target occurrence varies with sound frequency. Contrary to previous fMRI studies, we show that selective attention reduces responses to the attended frequencies in those neuronal populations preferring the attended frequency. Through population receptive field (pRF) mapping, we furthermore show that these response reductions are at least partially driven by frequency-induced pRF narrowing. The difference between our results to those of previous fMRI studies supports the notion that the influence of selective attention on auditory cortex is diverse and may depend on context, task, and auditory processing stage.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Improving a probabilistic cytoarchitectonic atlas of auditory cortex using a novel method for inter-individual alignment

The human superior temporal plane, the site of the auditory cortex, displays a high inter-individual macro-anatomical variation. This questions the validity of curvature based alignment (CBA) methods for in vivo imaging data. Here, we have addressed this issue by developing CBA+, which is a cortical surface registration method that uses prior macro-anatomical knowledge. We validate this method by using cyto-architectonic areas on ten individual brains (which we make publicly available). Compared to volumetric and standard surface registration, CBA+ results in a more accurate cyto-architectonic auditory atlas. The improved correspondence of micro-anatomy following the improved alignment of macro-anatomy validates the superiority of CBA+ compared to CBA. In addition, we use CBA+ to align in vivo and post mortem data. This allows projection of functional and anatomical information collected in vivo onto the cyto-architectonic areas, which has potential to contribute to ongoing debate on the parcellation of the human auditory cortex.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Modulation of tonotopic ventral MGB is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition.

Recognising speech in background noise is a strenuous daily activity, yet most humans can master it. An explanation of how the human brain deals with such sensory uncertainty during speech recognition is to-date missing. Previous work has shown that recognition of speech without background noise involves modulation of the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB): There are higher responses in left MGB for speech recognition tasks that require tracking of fast-varying stimulus properties in contrast to relatively constant stimulus properties (e.g., speaker identity tasks) despite the same stimulus input. Here we tested the hypotheses that (i) this task-dependent modulation for speech recognition increases in parallel with the sensory uncertainty in the speech signal, i.e., the amount of background noise and that (ii) this increase is present in the ventral MGB, which corresponds to the primary sensory part of the auditory thalamus. In accordance with our hypothesis, we show--by using ultra-high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging in human participants--that the task-dependent modulation of the left vMGB for speech is particularly strong when recognizing speech in noisy listening conditions in contrast to situations where the speech signal is clear. Exploratory analyses showed that this finding was specific to the left vMGB; it was not present in the right vMGB or the midbrain structure of the auditory pathway (left inferior colliculus, IC). The results imply that speech in noise recognition is supported by modifications at the level of the subcortical sensory pathway providing driving input to the auditory cortex. Significance StatementSpeech recognition in noisy environments is a challenging everyday task. One reason why humans can master this task is the recruitment of additional cognitive resources as reflected in recruitment of non-language cerebral cortex areas. Here, we show that also modulation in the primary sensory pathway is specifically involved in speech in noise recognition. We found that the left primary sensory thalamus (ventral medial geniculate body, vMGB) is more involved when recognizing speech signals as opposed to a control task (speaker identity recognition) when heard in background noise vs. when the noise was absent. This finding implies that the brain optimises sensory processing in subcortical sensory pathway structures in a task-specific manner to deal with speech recognition in noisy environments.

neuroscience↗