Coexistent PTEN and PIK3CA alterations hyperactivate mTORC1 signaling in endometrial cancers and cause their selective sensitivity to mTORC1 inhibition
In approximately half of endometrial carcinoma (EC), PTEN loss-of-function and activating PI3K mutants coexist. Unlike cells with either single mutation, PTEN/PIK3CA coexistent alterations result in elevated membrane phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) levels and mTORC1 hyperactivation, rendering PI3K or AKT inhibition ineffective in blocking mTORC1 activity and tumor growth. The bi-steric mTORC1 kinase inhibitor, RMC-6272, suppresses mTORC1 activity and cell growth by reducing protein translation and cell cycle progression. In vivo, RMC-6272, but not PI3K inhibitors, effectively suppressed mTORC1 and growth of EC PDXs with coexistent PTEN/PIK3CA lesions. These findings are consistent with a phase I trial of bi-steric mTORC1 inhibitor RMC-5552, showing anti-tumor activity in patients with EC. PDXs with KRAS co-mutations regrew after RMC-6272 treatment, which was prevented by the addition of the RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor RMC-7977. Overall, these data suggest that mTORC1 hyperactivation drives ECs with coexistent PTEN/PIK3CA mutations, explain the limited antitumor activity of PI3K and AKT inhibitors, and support clinical evaluation of mTORC1 inhibitors as potential therapy for EC. SignificanceWe have found the mechanistic consequences of PTEN/PIK3CA co-alterations in endometrial tumors and that these mutations result in a profound hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling. Single mutant tumors are sensitive to PI3K inhibition but those with both mutations are insensitive to PI3K or AKT inhibition but are exquisitely dependent on mTORC1 kinase. This provides strong preclinical rationale for targeting mTORC1, alone or combined with RAS inhibition (in RAS co-mutant tumors), as an effective therapeutic strategy.