Biology subjects

Maurer, A. C.

Publications and source records attributed to Maurer, A. C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Distinct Sox9 single-molecule dynamics characterize adult differentiation and fetal-like reprogrammed states in intestinal organoids

Transcription factors (TFs) mediate gene expression changes during differentiation and development. However, how TF biophysical properties and abundance dynamically regulate specific cell state transitions remains poorly understood. Using automated live-cell single-molecule tracking (SMT) in intestinal organoid models, we revealed an expression level-independent decrease in the fraction of immobile Sox9 molecules during differentiation from [~]48% to [~]38%, largely dependent on DNA binding. Strikingly, long-term Sox9 overexpression caused organoids to transition from budding to spheroid morphology accompanied by increased proliferation and a loss in gene expression signatures for intestinal identity and function. In this fetal-like reprogrammed state, a larger fraction of partially self- interacting Sox9 molecules ([~]61%) binds to DNA. Our results suggest context-dependent Sox9 single-molecule dynamics during adult intestinal differentiation and fetal-like reversion in consequence to long-term Sox9 overexpression. Our work underpins the power of our automated live-cell SMT framework to generate testable hypotheses towards unraveling molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-level phenotypes. Highlights- Heterogenous diffusion behavior of Sox9 across intestinal differentiation states - Concentration-independent decrease in chromatin-bound Sox9 upon differentiation - Sox9 overexpression leads to fetal-like reversion and more immobile Sox9 molecules - Automated SMT in 2D monolayers reveals TF dynamics underlying organoid phenotypes

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways Differentially Affect Processing and Transduction by Dual AAV Vectors

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) are a powerful tool for gene delivery but have a limited DNA carrying capacity. Efforts to expand this genetic payload have focused on engineering the vector components, such as dual trans-splicing vectors which double the delivery size by exploiting the natural concatenation of rAAV genomes in host nuclei. We hypothesized that inefficient dual vector transduction could be improved by modulating host factors which affect concatenation. Since factors mediating concatenation are not well defined, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify host cell regulators. We discovered that Homologous Recombination (HR) is inhibitory to dual vector transduction. We demonstrate that depletion or inhibition of HR factors BRCA1 and Rad51 significantly increase reconstitution of a large split transgene by increasing both concatenation and expression from rAAVs. Our results define new roles for DNA damage repair in rAAV transduction and highlight the potential for pharmacological intervention to increase genetic payload of rAAV vectors.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Transgene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Unpurified Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) can achieve potent and durable transgene expression without integration in a broad range of tissue types, making them a popular choice for gene delivery in animal models and in clinical settings. In addition to therapeutic applications, rAAVs are a useful laboratory tool for delivering transgenes tailored to the researchers experimental needs and scientific goals in cultured cells. Some examples include exogenous reporter genes, overexpression cassettes, RNA interference, and CRISPR-based tools including those for genome-wide screens. rAAV transductions are less harmful to cells than electroporation or chemical transfection and moreover do not require any special equipment or expensive reagents to produce. Crude lysates or conditioned media containing rAAVs can be added directly to cultured cells without further purification to transduce many cell types - an underappreciated feature of rAAVs. Here, we provide protocols for basic transgene cassette cloning and demonstrate how to produce and apply crude rAAV preparations to cultured cells. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate transduction of three cell types that have not yet been reported in rAAV applications. We discuss appropriate uses for crude rAAV preparations, the limitations of rAAVs for gene delivery, and considerations for capsid choice. The simplicity of production, exceedingly low cost, and often potent results make crude rAAV a primary choice for researchers to achieve effective DNA delivery. SummaryRecombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is widely used for clinical and preclinical gene delivery. An underappreciated use for rAAVs is the robust transduction of cultured cells without the need for purification. For researchers new to rAAV, we provide a protocol for transgene cassette cloning, crude vector production, and cell culture transduction.

molecular biology↗