Biology subjects

Maulana, T. I.

Publications and source records attributed to Maulana, T. I..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Breathing on Chip: Biomechanical forces change airway epithelial cell biology ina human Airway Lung-Chip

Human lung function is intricately linked to blood flow and breathing cycles, but it remains unknown how these dynamic cues shape human airway epithelial biology. Here we report a state-of-the-art protocol for studying effects of physiological airflow and stretch on differentiation, cellular composition, and mucociliary clearance of human primary airway epithelial cells cultured on a perfused airway chip. Perfused epithelial tissue cultures developed a large airway-like cellular composition with accelerated maturation and polarization of mucociliary clearance when compared to traditional (static) culture methods. Additional application of airflow and stretch to the airway chip resulted in a cellular composition more comparable to the small(er) airways, reduced baseline secretion of interleukin-8 and other inflammatory proteins, and reduced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix factors. These results indicate that breathing-like mechanical stimuli are important modulators of airway epithelial cell differentiation and homeostasis and that their fine-tuned application could generate models of specific epithelial regions, pathologies, and mucociliary (dys)function.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

A Micro-engineered Human Colon Intestine-Chip Platform to Study Leaky Barrier

The intestinal epithelial barrier supports the symbiotic relationship between the microbiota colonizing the intestinal epithelium and the host immune system to maintain homeostasis. Leaky barrier is increasingly recognized as part of the pathogenesis of a number of chronic conditions in addition to inflammatory and infectious diseases. As our understanding on the regulation of the barrier remains limited, effective therapeutic targeting for the compromised barrier is still an unmet need. Here we combined advancements on the organoids and Organ-on-Chip technologies to establish a micro-engineered Colon Intestine-Chip for studying development and regulation of the human intestinal barrier. Our data demonstrate the significance of the endothelium in co-culture with the epithelial cells within a tissue-relevant microenvironment for the establishment of a tight epithelial barrier of polarized cells. Pathway analysis of the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), revealed significant upregulation of mechanisms relevant to the maturation of the intestinal epithelium in organoid-derived epithelial cells in co-culture with endothelium as compared to organoids maintained in suspension. We provide evidence that the Colon Intestine-Chip platform responds to interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}), a prototype cytokine utilized to model inflammation-induced barrier disruption, by induction of apoptosis and reorganization of the apical junctional complexes as shown with other systems. We also describe the mechanism of action of interleukin 22 (IL-22) on mature, organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells that is consistent with barrier disruption. Overall we propose the Colon Intestine-Chip as a promising human organoid-derived platform to decipher mechanisms driving the development of leaky gut in patients and enable their translation for this unmet medical need.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2020

Modeling alcoholic liver disease in a human Liver-Chip

Fatty liver disease (FLD), is a major public health burden that affects up to 30% of people in Western countries and leads to progressive liver injury, comorbidities, and increased mortality. Key risk factors for developing FLD are obesity and alcohol consumption, both of which are growing in prevalence worldwide. There is an urgent need for human-relevant preclinical models to improve our understanding of FLD progression to steatohepatitis and for the development of sensitive noninvasive diagnostics and therapies. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) represents an ideal case for modeling FDL as ethanol exposure is a comparatively simpler trigger for experimental induction of the pathology, as opposed to the complexity of modeling the diet- and life-style induced FLD. Further, despite their different root causes, the two pathologies share several common characteristics in disease progression and deterioration of liver function, highlighting the potential of an ALD microphysiological model for broad application in translational research. Here, we leverage our recently reported human Liver-Chip for toxicity applications, to expand the capabilities of the platform for broad application in translational research. We report the first in vitro modeling of ALD that uses human relevant blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) and affords multimodal profiling of clinically relevant endpoints. Our ALD Liver-Chip recapitulates established FLD markers in response to ethanol in a concentration-dependent manner, including lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Importantly, we show that the ALD Liver-Chip supports the study of secondary insults common in patients with advanced ALD, such as high blood endotoxin levels due to alcohol-associated increased intestinal permeability and barrier dysfunction. Moreover, owing to new developments in the design, the ALD Liver-Chip enables the measurement of structural changes of the bile canaliculi (BC) network as a novel in vitro quantitative readout of alcoholic liver toxicity. In summary, we report the development of a human ALD Liver-Chip as a new platform for modeling the progression of alcohol-induced liver injury with direct translation to clinical research.

bioengineering↗