Colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections
IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance is alarmingly high because it happens in humans, environment, and animal sectors from a "One Health" viewpoint. Due to the fact, that Escherichia coli (E. coli) is broadly disseminated in all sectors, the food web and the environment may have a role in carrying colistin resistance genes from animals to humans. The rise of plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes threatens colistin efficacy, which is the last line to remedy Gram-negative infections multidrug resistance (MDR). ObjectivesThe current study aimed to investigate development of colistin resistance (MCR 1-5) genes between E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in Jordan. MethodsE. coli (n=132) isolated were collected from urine specimens. E. coli isolated from human UTI patients were examined for genes resistance to colistin MCR (1-5). All isolates were investigated against 20 antimicrobials utilizing the standard disk diffusion method. For analysis of colistin resistance, the broth microdilution technique was employed. In addition, the MCR (1-5) genes were detected by multiplex PCR assay. ResultsOut of 132 isolates, one isolate was colistin-resistant, having a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 g/mL and possessing the MCR -1 gene. A total of 132 E. coli isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and cefepime in the percentages of 100%, 79.55%, 75.76%, 62.88%, 58.33%, and 53.79%, respectively. However, resistance was lowest towards fosfomycin (6.06%), florfenicol (10.61%), and chloramphenicol (15.91%). Significant differences were observed between E. coli isolated from pediatrics and those isolated from adults. ConclusionThis is the first report on the presence of the plasmid-coded MCR-1 gene recovered from E. coli from a patient with UTIs in Jordan. That is threatening as colistin is the last line used for infections induced by MDR gram-negative bacteria. There is a crucial need for control and harsh utilization of antibiotics to control and prevent the emergence and prevalence of colistin resistance genes. SummaryE. coli isolated from human UTI patients were examined for genes resistance to colistin MCR (1-5). This is the first report on the presence of the plasmid-coded MCR-1 gene recovered from E. coli from a patient with UTIs in Jordan. That is threatening as colistin is the last line used for infections induced by MDR gram-negative bacteria. There is a crucial need for control and harsh utilization of antibiotics to control and prevent the emergence and prevalence of colistin resistance genes. A total of 132 E. coli isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and cefepime in the percentages of 100%, 79.55%, 75.76%, 62.88%, 58.33%, and 53.79%, respectively