Martin, P. G. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2024

The Zinc Finger protein SlZFP2 is essential for tomato fruit locular tissue morphogenesis

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit, the locular tissue (LT) is a unique jelly-like tissue that differentiates from the central axis of the fruit after ovule fertilization. LT is essential for seed development and dispersal by preventing early germination and initiating fruit ripening. In this work, we studied a "gel-less" mutant and identified the underlying mutation in the coding sequence of the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor (TF) SlZFP2. Histological, cytological and molecular characterization from knockout-CRISPR/Cas9 lines for this gene revealed the strong and early impact of zfp2 mutation on cell cycle and endocycle in LT. Additionally, model-based analysis of cellular data revealed that cell cycle was the main altered process, explaining the zfp2 mutant phenotype. Further laser capture microdissection coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of young LT highlighted global expression changes between WT and zfp2 mutant and led to a preliminary list of potential direct targets of the SlZFP2 TF. This multifaceted approach not only uncovered a new role for SlZFP2 TF as an essential regulator of LT morphogenesis, but also provides a foundation for future works aimed at deciphering the intricate regulatory networks governing fruit tissue development in tomato. One sentence summaryAlteration of cell division and endoreduplication in a gel-less mutant reveals the role of the transcription factor SlZFP2 in tomato locular tissue morphogenesis

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Ploidy-specific transcriptomes shed light on the heterogeneous identity and metabolism of developing pericarp cells

Endoreduplication, during which cells increase their DNA content through successive rounds of full genome replication without cell division, is the major source of endopolyploidy in higher plants. Endoreduplication plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development and is associated with the activation of specific transcriptional programs that are characteristic to each cell type, thereby defining their identity. In plants, endoreduplication is found in numerous organs and cell types and especially in agronomically valuable ones, such as the fleshy fruit (pericarp) of tomato presenting high ploidy levels. We used the tomato pericarp tissue as a model system to explore the transcriptomes associated with endoreduplication progression during fruit growth. We confirmed that expression globally scales with ploidy level and identified sets of genes differentially expressed when comparing ploidy levels at a specific developmental stage. We found that non-endoreduplicated cells are defined by cell division state and cuticle synthesis while endoreduplicated cells are mainly defined by their metabolic activity changing rapidly over time. By combining this dataset with publicly available spatiotemporal pericarp expression data, we proposed a map describing the distribution of ploidy levels within the pericarp. These transcriptome-based predictions were validated by quantifying ploidy levels within the pericarp tissue. This in situ ploidy quantification revealed the dynamic progression of endoreduplication and its cell layer specificity during early fruit development. In summary, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between endoreduplication, cell differentiation, and gene expression patterns in the tomato pericarp. Significance statementThe progression of endoreduplication is very dynamic during early fruit development and displays cell layer specific patterns. The integration of ploidy distribution maps with ploidy-specific transcriptome data revealed that gene expression in the pericarp is controlled in a ploidy-specific manner during the early stages of tomato fruit development, resulting in the spatialization of transcriptional programs.

plant biology↗