Biology subjects

Martin, L. L.

Publications and source records attributed to Martin, L. L..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Helical Intermediate Formation and Its Role in Amyloid of an Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptide

Helical intermediates appear to be crucial in amyloid formation of several amyloidogenic peptides, including A{beta}, that are implicated in different neurodegenerative diseases. Intermediate species have been reported to be more toxic than mature amyloid fibrils. Hence, the focus of the current work is to understand both structural and mechanistic role of intermediates in the early stages of amyloid self-assembly in amyloidogenic peptides. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the adaptive biasing force (ABF) method were utilized to investigate structural changes that lead to amyloid formation in amphibian peptide uperin-3.5 (U3.5), an antimicrobial and amyloidogenic peptide. Microsecond time-scale MD simulations revealed that peptide aggregation, into {beta}-sheet dominated aggregates, is centred on two important factors; evolution of -helical intermediates and the critical role of local peptide concentration inside these aggregates. Electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged aspartate (D) and arginine (R) residues located near the N-terminus induced hydrogen bonding resulting in formation of precursor 310-helices close to the N-terminus. The 310-helices transitioned into -helices, thereby imparting partial helical conformations to the peptides. In the initial stages of aggregation, U3.5 peptides with amphipathic, partial helices aggregated to form small clusters of helical intermediates directed via hydrophobic interactions. These helices imparted stability to the helical intermediates, which promoted growth of clusters by further addition of peptides. This led to an increase in the local peptide concentration which enabled stronger peptide-peptide interactions and triggered a {beta}-sheet transition in these aggregates. Thus, the study emphasized that stabilisation of peptide helical content may be crucial to the evolution of {beta}-sheet-rich amyloid structures.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2022

Lipid Oxidation Controls Peptide Self-Assembly near Membranes

The self-assembly of peptides into supramolecular fibril structures has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease but has also been observed in functional roles. Peptides are physiologically exposed to crowded environments of biomacromolecules, and particularly membrane lipids, within a cellular milieu. Previous research has shown that membranes can both accelerate and inhibit peptide self-assembly. Here, we studied the impact of biomimetic membranes that mimic cellular oxidative stress and compared this to mammalian and bacterial membranes. Using molecular dynamics simulations and experiments, we propose a model that explains how changes in peptide-membrane binding, electrostatics, and peptide secondary structure stabilization determine the nature of peptide self-assembly. We explored the influence of zwitterionic (POPC), anionic (POPG) and oxidized (PazePC) phospholipids, as well as cholesterol, and mixtures thereof, on the self-assembly kinetics of the amyloid {beta} (1-40) peptide (A{beta}40), linked to Alzheimers disease, and the amyloid-forming antimicrobial peptide uperin 3.5 (U3.5). We show that the presence of an oxidized lipid had similar effects on peptide self-assembly as the bacterial mimetic membrane. While A{beta}40 fibril formation was accelerated, U3.5 aggregation was inhibited by the same lipids at the same peptide-to-lipid ratio. We attribute these findings and peptide-specific effects to differences in peptide-membrane adsorption with U3.5 being more strongly bound to the membrane surface and stabilized in an -helical conformation compared to A{beta}40. Different peptide-to-lipid ratios resulted in different effects. Molecular dynamics simulations provided detailed mechanistic insights into the peptide-lipid interactions and secondary structure stability. We found that electrostatic interactions are a primary driving force for peptide-membrane interaction, enabling us to propose a model for predictions how cellular changes might impact peptide self-assembly in vivo, and potentially impact related diseases.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2021

Size Matters: A Mechanistic Model of Nanoparticle Curvature Effects on Amyloid Fibril Formation

The aggregation of peptides into amyloid fibrils is linked to ageing-related diseases, such as Alzheimers disease and type 2 diabetes. Interfaces, particularly those with large nanostructured surface areas, can affect the kinetics of peptide aggregation, ranging from a complete inhibition to strong acceleration. While a number of physiochemical parameters determine interface effects, we here focus on the role of nanoparticle curvature for the aggregation of the amyloidogenic peptides A{beta}40, NNFGAIL, GNNQQNY and VQIYVK. Nanoparticles (NPs) provided a surface for peptide monomers to adsorb, enabling the nucleation into oligomers and fibril formation. High surface curvature, however, destabilized prefibrillar structures, providing an explanation for inhibitory effects on fibril growth. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy experiments revealed NP size-dependent effects on amyloid fibril formation, with differences between the peptides. While 5 nm gold NPs (AuNP-5) retarded or inhibited the aggregation of most peptides, larger 20 nm gold NPs (AuNP-20) tended to accelerate peptide aggregation. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies demonstrated that NPs ability to catalyze or inhibit oligomer formation was influenced by the oligomer stability at curved interfaces which was lower at more highly curved surfaces. Differences in the NP effects for the peptides resulted from the peptide properties (size, aggregation propensity) and concomitant surface binding affinities. The results can be applied to the design of future nanostructured materials for defined applications.

biochemistry↗