Biology subjects

Maillet, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Maillet, L..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Allosteric regulation of BH3-in-groove interactions by tail anchors of BCL-xL complexes limits BH3 mimetic antagonism.

In briefThe C terminal tail anchors of BCL-2 family proteins exert allosteric influence over the interface crucial for BH3 binding and cell survival. This is regulated by additional features taking place at the mitochondria membrane such as recruitment of the death executioner BAX, which, in response to BH3 binding antagonism, contributes to protein complex disruption. SummaryBCL-xL exerts an essential cell survival function which relies on its hydrophobic groove binding to BH3 domain of BH3-only initiators and downstream BAX/BAK executioners. Combining resonance energy transfer assays and molecular dynamics simulations, we unravel that the C-terminal tail mediated subcellular membrane anchoring of BCL-xL selectively advantages binding to membrane-anchored PUMA initiator over BH3 mimetic ligands of the groove. This is due to the combined allosteric effect on BH3-in-groove binding of BCL-xL and PUMA tail anchors. Moreover, doubly anchored PUMA / BCL-xL complexes recruit endogenous BAX, which favors their antagonism by BH3 mimetics. BAXs C-terminal tail anchor alone is sufficient to enhance BH3 mimetics induced death in cells expressing PUMA / BCL-xL. Thus, the survival function of BCL-xL is regulated by a complex interplay between its tail anchor and those of its interacting partners. This enables both resistance to pharmacological inhibitors and modulation by BAX, which functions as a crucial feedback disruptor of the BCL-xL network. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=80 SRC="FIGDIR/small/616265v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1000"> View larger version (12K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@885687org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e8eeaeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e09fborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1314d68_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsBH3 mimetic antagonism, and subsequent cell death, are limited when full length BCL-xL binds to some membrane-anchored BH3-only proteins such as PUMA. The BH3-in-groove interface is allosterically modulated by tail anchors of PUMA and BCL-xL. Binding to PUMA enriches BCL-xL interactome and recruits BAX. BAX counteracts the effects of tail anchors in BCL-xL complexes.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Playing with the ploidy level enables to switch on and off the strict recombination control even in the vicinity of Brassica centromeres

Meiotic recombination is a key biological process in plant evolution and breeding, as it generates novel genetic diversity at each generation. However, due to its importance in chromosome segregation and genomic stability, crossovers are highly regulated in both frequency and distribution. We previously demonstrated that this strict regulation is not a fatality and that it can be naturally modified (3.6-fold increased frequency and altered distribution) in an allotriploid Brassica hybrid (2n=3x=29; AAC), resulting from a cross between B. napus (2n=4x=38; AACC) and B. rapa (2n=2x=20; AA). Taking advantage of the recently updated Brassica napus genome assembly, which now includes the pericentromeric regions, we unambiguously demonstrated that crossovers occur in these normally cold regions in allotriploids, with the presence of crossovers as close as 375 kb from the centromere. We deciphered that this modified recombination landscape (both frequency and distribution) can be maintained in successive generations of allotriploidy, with even a slight increase of crossover frequency. We also showed that this deregulated meiotic behavior may revert back to a strictly regulated one when recovering an allotetraploid progeny in the second generation. Overall, we provide here for the first time a practical and natural way to switch on and off the tight recombination control in a polyploid crop. We also discuss the potential role of this modified regulation of recombination in polyploid speciation success.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2023

Plant genetic bases explaining microbiota diversity shed light into a novel holobiont generalist gene theory

Plants as animals are strictly associated with a cortege of microbial communities influencing their health, fitness and evolution. Therefore, scientists refer to all living organisms as holobionts; complex genetic units that coevolve simultaneously. This is what has been recently proposed as the hologenome theory of evolution. This exciting and attractive theory has important implications on animal and plant health; however, it still needs consistent proof to be validated. Indeed, holobionts are still poorly studied in their natural habitats where coevolution and natural selective processes occur. Compared to animals and crops, wild plant populations are an excellent and unique model to explore the hologenome theory. These sessile holobionts have strictly coevolved with their microbiota for decades and natural selection and adaptive processes acting on wild plants are likely to regulate the plant-microbe interactions. Here we conducted for the first time a microbiota survey, plant genome sequencing and Genome-Environmental Analysis (GEA) of 26 natural populations of the non-model plant species Brassica rapa. We collected plants over two seasons in Italy and France, and analyzed the microbiota on two plant compartments (root and rhizosphere). We identified that plant compartment and season modulate B. rapa microbiota. More importantly, when conducting GEA we evidenced neat peaks of association correlating with both fungal and bacterial microbiota. Surprisingly, we found 13 common genes between fungal and bacterial diversity descriptors that we referred under the name of Holobiont Generalist Genes (HGG). These genes might strongly regulate the diversity and composition of plant microbiota at the inter-kingdom level. Significance StatementThe novel hologenome concept claims that hosts and their associated microbes (considered as holobionts) are a unique evolutionary unit on which natural selection acts. Thus, the hologenome theory assumes that hosts and microbiomes simultaneously coevolve. This novel vision of universal evolutionary entities is promising for both animal and plant health purposes. However, it is still quietly controversial as it suffers from a lack of tangible evidence. How can we enrich the debate on holobionts? How can we translate this concept in discoveries that can change farming practices? Our study is filling the gaps of the hologenome theory by showing that certain genes under natural selection and regulating plant microbiota are generalist in response to fungal and bacterial communities.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2022

BCL-xL antagonizes the deleterious effects of KRAS on mitochondrial scaffolding

In addition to its canonical role as a regulator of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-xL exerts diverse non canonical functions contributing to cancer cell aggressiveness. In particular it regulates KRAS intracellular activation levels. We herein explored the mechanistic basis for this effect by a spatially restricted biotin-labelling proteomic approach designed to characterize proteins whose proximity to KRAS, used as a bait, is BCL-xL dependant. BCL-xL loss relocalizes KRAS to the vicinity of mitochondrial proteins. Proximal proteins include the mitochondrial scaffold prohibitin 2 (PHB2), which also interacts with BCL-xL and the downregulation of which prevents BCL-xL sensitive effects of KRAS induced contacts between mitochondria and endosomes, and mitochondrial mass decrease. These results argue that BCL-xL prevents a negative feedback regulation of KRAS canonical signaling by KRAS interference with mitochondrial quality control.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Long-reads assembly of the Brassica napus reference genome, Darmor-bzh

BackgroundThe combination of long-reads and long-range information to produce genome assemblies is now accepted as a common standard. This strategy not only allow to access the gene catalogue of a given species but also reveals the architecture and organisation of chromosomes, including complex regions like telomeres and centromeres. The Brassica genus is not exempt and many assemblies based on long reads are now available. The reference genome for Brassica napus, Darmor-bzh, which was published in 2014, has been produced using short-reads and its contiguity was extremely low if compared to current assemblies of the Brassica genus. FindingsHere, we report the new long-reads assembly of Darmor-bzh genome (Brassica napus) generated by combining long-reads sequencing data, optical and genetic maps. Using the PromethION device and six flowcells, we generated about 16M long-reads representing 93X coverage and more importantly 6X with reads longer than 100Kb. This ultralong-reads dataset allows us to generate one of the most contiguous and complete assembly of a Brassica genome to date (contigs N50 > 10Mb). In addition, we exploited all the advantages of the nanopore technology to detect modified bases and sequence transcriptomic data using direct RNA to annotate the genome and focus on resistance genes. ConclusionUsing these cutting edge technologies, and in particular by relying on all the advantages of the nanopore technology, we provide the most contiguous Brassica napus assembly, a resource that will be valuable for the Brassica community for crop improvement and will facilitate the rapid selection of agronomically important traits.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2020

Large genomic variants reveal unexplored intraspecific diversity in Brassica rapa genomes

ABSTRACTTraditionally, reference genomes in crop species rely on the assembly of one accession, thus occulting most of intraspecific diversity. However, rearrangements, gene duplications and transposable element content may have a large impact on the genomic structure, which could generate new phenotypic traits. Using two Brassica rapa genomes recently sequenced and assembled using long-read technology and optical mapping, we investigated structural variants and repetitive content between the two accessions and genome size variation among a core collection.We explored the structural consequences of the presence of large repeated sequences in B. rapa ‘Z1’ genome versus the B. rapa ‘Chiifu’ genome, using comparative genomics and cytogenetic approaches. First, we showed that large genomic variants on chromosomes A05, A06, A09 and A10 are due to large insertions and inversions when comparing B. rapa ‘Z1’ and B. rapa ‘Chiifu’ at the origin of important length differences in some chromosomes. For instance, lengths of ‘Z1’ and ‘Chiifu’ A06 chromosomes were estimated in silico to be 55Mb and 29Mb, respectively. To validate these observations, we compared using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) the two A06 chromosomes present in a F1 hybrid produced by crossing these two varieties. We confirmed a length difference of 17.6% between the A06 chromosomes of ‘Z1’ compared to ‘Chiifu’. Alternatively, using a Copy Number Variation approach, we were able to quantify the presence of a higher number of rDNA and Gypsy elements in ‘Z1’ genome compared to ‘Chiifu’ on different chromosomes including A06. Using flow cytometry, the total genome size of 12 Brassica accessions corresponding to a B. rapa available core collection was estimated and revealed a genome size variation of up to 16% between these accessions as well as some shared inversions.This study revealed the contribution of long-read sequencing of new accessions belonging to different cultigroups of B. rapa and highlighted the potential impact of differential insertion of repeat elements and inversions of large genomic regions in genome size intraspecific variability.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text

genomics↗