Biology subjects

Mack, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Mack, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Cold Exposure Protects from Neuroinflammation Through Immunologic Reprogramming

Autoimmunity is energetically costly, but the impact of a metabolically active state on immunity and immune-mediated diseases is unclear. Ly6Chi monocytes are key effectors in CNS autoimmunity with elusive role in priming naive autoreactive T cells. Here we provide unbiased analysis of the immune changes in various compartments during cold exposure, and show that this energetically costly stimulus markedly ameliorates active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cold exposure decreases MHCII on monocytes at steady-state and in various inflammatory mouse models, and suppresses T cell priming and pathogenicity through the modulation of monocytes. Genetic, or antibody-mediated monocyte depletion, or adoptive transfer of Th1- or Th17-polarized cells for EAE abolish the cold-induced effects on T cells or EAE, respectively. These findings provide a mechanistic link between environmental temperature and neuroinflammation, and suggest competition between cold-induced metabolic adaptations and autoimmunity as energetic trade-off beneficial for the immune-mediated diseases.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2020

Gradual centriole maturation associates with the mitotic surveillance pathway in mouse development

Centrosomes, composed of two centrioles and pericentriolar material, organize mitotic spindles during cell division and template cilia during interphase. The first few divisions during mouse development occur without centrioles, which form around embryonic day (E) 3. However, disruption of centriole biogenesis in Sas-4 null mice leads to embryonic arrest around E9. Centriole loss in Sas-4-/- embryos causes prolonged mitosis and p53-dependent cell death. Studies in vitro discovered a similar USP28-, 53BP1-, and p53-dependent mitotic surveillance pathway that leads to cell cycle arrest. In this study, we show that an analogous pathway is conserved in vivo where 53BP1 and USP28 are upstream of p53 in Sas-4-/- embryos. The data indicates that the pathway is established around E7 of development, four days after the centrioles appear. Our data suggest that the newly formed centrioles gradually mature to participate in mitosis and cilia formation around the beginning of gastrulation, coinciding with the activation of mitotic surveillance pathway upon centriole loss.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Macrophages can either inhibit or enhance endometriosis depending on their origin

Macrophages are intimately involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterus. By combining genetic and pharmacological monocyte and macrophage depletion strategies we determined the ontogeny and function of macrophages in a mouse model of induced endometriosis. We demonstrate that lesion-resident macrophages are derived from eutopic endometrial tissue, infiltrating large peritoneal macrophages (LpM) and monocytes. Furthermore, we found endometriosis to trigger continuous recruitment of monocytes and expansion of CCR2+ LpM. Depletion of eutopic endometrial macrophages results in smaller endometriosis lesions, whereas constitutive inhibition of monocyte recruitment significantly reduces peritoneal macrophage populations and increased the number of lesions. We propose a putative model whereby endometrial macrophages are pro-endometriosis whilst newly-recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, possibly in LpM form, are anti-endometriosis. These observations highlight the importance of monocyte-derived macrophages in limiting disease progression.

immunology↗