Biology subjects

Linhart, O.

Publications and source records attributed to Linhart, O..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Impacts of global warming on fertility of male fishes: evidence from meta-analysis of temperature effects on spermatozoa motility

Studies have demonstrated adverse effects of global warming on aquatic ecosystems from the abiotic to the biotic level. In the present work, a meta-analysis study was conducted to elucidate the effects of global warming on spermatozoa functions, which are key determinants of male fertility. We recruited 245 data records from a pool of empirical studies, which includes 20 studies spanning 20 cold- and warm-water fish species, to identify the effects of increased water temperature (IWT) on determinants of sperm fertility in fishes. Data were systematically re-processed and re-analyzed to determine the overall effects of IWT on sperm kinetics such as motility (MOT), duration of motility (DSM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), rectilinear velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP), as well as on enzymatic activities for energy supply (EAES) and antioxidant enzyme activity (ANEA). The standardized mean difference was calculated for each study, with positive values indicating higher performance under IWT. Results showed that (a) the overall effect size for MOT was more negative in cold-water fishes (-1.22) than in warm-water fishes (-0.98). (b) Each 1 {degrees}C increase in the activation medium reduced MOT by 1.30% (cold-water fishes) and 3.47% (warm-water fishes). (c) The IWT negatively affected DSM, decreasing it by 10 s (cold-water species) and 5.64 s (warm-water species) per degree of IWT. (d) Spermatozoa velocity (VCL and VSL) was increased by IWT in warm-water species. In conclusion, this study shows that IWT negatively affects sperm motility kinetics, suggesting an impact of global warming on fish reproduction.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Fertilization by short-term stored sperm alters DNA methylation patterns in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos at single-base resolution

Short-term storage of sperm in vitro is widely used for artificial fertilization in aquaculture. It has been shown that short-term storage affects sperm motility characteristics, resulting in diminished fertility. However, the detrimental effects of short-term sperm storage on embryos development have remained largely unexplored in single-base methylome resolution. The main aim of the present study was to investigate DNA methylation in the offspring of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) derived from short-term stored sperm. Sperm were stored in artificial seminal plasma on ice (0-2{degrees}C) for 0, 3 and 6 days in vitro, fertilization was performed using oocytes from a single female, and embryos were collected at the mid-blastula stage. Sperm and embryo DNA was extracted, analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). DNA methylation was then assessed. Sperm storage showed negative effects on motility, viability and DNA integrity, but had no effect on global DNA methylation of spermatozoa and resulting embryos. Results from the WGBS showed that methylation of 3313 genes was affected in the embryos fertilized with the 6-day-stored sperm, and the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified were mainly involved in cell adhesion, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and adrenergic signalling, melanogenesis, metabolism and RNA transport. Such results suggest that prolongation of storage time may have certain impacts on embryonic development. These initial results provide valuable information for future consideration of the DNA methylome in embryos generated from short-term stored sperm, which is widely used for genetic management of broodstock in aquaculture.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Who is the best surrogate for germ stem cell transplantation in fish?

Surrogate reproduction technology in fish has potential for aquaculture as well as endangered species preservation and propagation. Species with some unfavourable biological characteristics for culturing such as a late maturation or a large body size are ideal candidates for surrogate reproduction using smaller and faster-maturing host. One of the general prerequisites for the successful surrogacy and the pure donor-derived gamete production is the sterility of the host. Various sterilization methods have been developed and used in fish surrogacy; however, a direct comparison of available methods is missing. Such a knowledge gap hinders choice for the surrogate in various fish species, including those in high commercial demand such as tuna or sturgeons, where is a particular limitation from the point of the live material availability and difficulty to perform a high throughput assessment of different surrogates. Yet, large sturgeons or tuna species are one of the most prominent candidates for surrogacy. Zebrafish was utilized in this study as a model species to answer whether and to which extent different sterilization strategies can affect the surrogacy. Germ cell-depleted recipients (produced using knockdown of dead end gene), triploid recipients, and zebrafish x pearl danio hybrid recipients were tested as they represent the most frequently used types of surrogates. Spermatogonia isolated from vas::EGFP transgenic strain were intraperitoneally transplanted into swim-up 5-day old zebrafish. Transplantation success, survival, gonadal development, and reproductive output of the fish was analyzed. Germ cell-depleted recipients with empty gonads were identified as the most convenient among tested sterilization methods considering surrogacy induction success and reproductive output. The present study stands as significant aid for selecting suitable surrogates in various fish species.

cell biology↗