Biology subjects

Lerer, B.

Publications and source records attributed to Lerer, B..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A and TAAR1 receptors in the head twitch response induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan and psilocybin: Translational implications.

There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders. In common with other serotonergic psychedelics, psilocybin is thought to act via the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Serotonin is the endogenous ligand of 5-HTR. In rodents, the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), and psilocybin, induce a characteristic head twitch response (HTR), which is correlated with the human psychedelic trip in intensity and duration. We examined the role of other serotonergic receptors and the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP and psilocybin. Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old, ~30g) were administered 5-HTP, 50-250 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) or 200 mg/kg i.p. after pretreatment with 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators. Psilocybin was administered at 0.1-51.2 mg/kg i.p. or at 4.4 mg/kg i.p. preceded by 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators. HTR was assessed in a custom-built magnetometer. 5-HTP and psilocybin induced a dose dependent increase in the frequency of HTR over 20 minutes with attenuation by the 5-HT2AR antagonist, M100907 (volanserin), and the 5-HT1AR agonist, 8-OH-DPAT. The 5-HT2CR antagonist, RS102221, enhanced HTR at lower doses but reduced it at higher doses for 5-HTP and psilocybin. The TAAR1 antagonist, EPPTB, reduced 5-HTP-but not psilocybin-induced HTR. We have confirmed the key role of 5-HT2AR in HTR and have demonstrated an effect of 5-HT1AR and a bimodal contribution of 5-HT2CR as well as a role of TAAR1 in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP. Compounds that modulate HTR induced by psychedelics have a potentially important role in the emerging therapeutic use of these compounds. Significance StatementWe have confirmed the key role of 5-HT2AR in in the induction of HTR by 5-HTP and psilocybin, have demonstrated the effect of a 5-HT1AR agonist to attenuate HTR and a bimodal contribution of 5-HT2CR as well as a role of TAAR1 in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP. Compounds that modulate HTR induced by psychedelics have a potentially important role in the emerging therapeutic use of these compounds. Visual Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=166 SRC="FIGDIR/small/501026v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (44K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1812b88org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1511eb4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b6c868org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f3292_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Effect of psilocybin on marble-burying in ICR mice: Role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

BackgroundPreliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble-burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. AimsTo explore 1) the role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying; 2) the effect of staggered versus bolus psilocybin administration and persistence of the effect; 3) the effect of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone, on marble-burying and the head-twitch response (HTR) induced by psilocybin, a rodent correlate of psychedelic effects. MethodsMale ICR mice were administered psilocybin 4.4 mg/kg, escitalopram 5 mg/kg, 8-OH-DPAT 2 mg/kg, M100907 2 mg/kg, buspirone 5 mg/kg, WAY100635 2 mg/kg or combinations, intraperitoneally, and were tested on the MBT. HTR was examined in a magnetometer-based assay. Results1) Psilocybin and escitalopram significantly reduced marble-burying. The effect of psilocybin was not attenuated by the 5-HT2A antagonist, M100907. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT reduced marble-burying as did the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT was additive to that of psilocybin but that of buspirone was not. The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, attenuated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone but not the effect of psilocybin. 2) Psilocybin injections over 3.5 hours had no effect on marble-burying and the effect of bolus injection was not persistent. 3) Co-administration of buspirone with psilocybin blocked its effect on HTR ConclusionsNeither 5-HT2A nor 5-HT1A receptors are pivotally implicated in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying. Co-administration with buspirone may block the psychedelic effects of psilocybin without impeding its anti-obsessional effects.

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2022

Incilius alvarius cell-based synthesis of 5-MeO-DMT

There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) for psychiatric disorders. While 5-MeO-DMT can be chemically synthesized, the parotoid gland secretions of Incilius alvarius (also known as the Colorado River or Sonoran Desert toad) contain 5-MeO-DMT and other molecules including bufotenine, bufagenins, bufotoxins, and indole alkylamines that may have individual clinical utility or act as entourage molecules to enhance the activity of 5-MeO-DMT. Incilius alvarius is currently under severe ecological pressure due to demand for natural 5-MeO-DMT and habitat loss. We established a cell line from tissue obtained by wedge biopsy of the Incilius alvarius parotoid gland and confirmed the cell-based biosynthesis of 5-MeO-DMT by LC-MS/MS. Cell-based biosynthesis of Incilius alvarius parotoid gland secretions is a potentially cruelty-free and sustainable source of naturally derived 5-MeO-DMT for research and drug development. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=88 SRC="FIGDIR/small/492789v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (23K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@163bfc6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c36601org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15ded62org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18bbea8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2021

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Oral Phycocyanin-Rich Spirulina Extract in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

AimSpirulina is a microalga that is widely used as a food supplement and is regarded as having performance enhancing and health promoting properties. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the possible antidepressant, anti-anxiety, pro-socialization and cognition-enhancing effects of Spirulina in mouse models. MethodsSixty male BalbC mice aged 3 weeks were administered phycocyanin-rich Spirulina extract (PRSE, 545 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or water orally for 5 weeks. During the last 2 weeks of the experiment a series of behavioral-cognitive tests was performed to evaluate motor activity, antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, socialization and cognitive effects. Effects of PRSE and fluoxetine were compared to those of water. ResultsThere was a significant effect of PRSE in the activity domain, manifesting as an increase in velocity in the open field (p=0.0007 vs. water). Fluoxetine significantly enhanced immobility in the tail suspension test and the forced swim test reflecting the known antidepressant effect of this compound, but not PRSE. There were no significant effects of PRSE in tests of anxiety, socialization or cognition. ConclusionsThe most striking observation in this study was that PRSE significantly enhanced activity in the open field test. Further studies are indicated to confirm and extend this finding and investigate possible mechanisms of action. The results of the current study do not support sporadic reports of possible antidepressant or cognition-enhancing effects of PRSE. Nevertheless, additional studies are indicated using depression models rather than naive mice, alternative mouse strains, using additional cognitive tests, and administering higher PRSE doses.

neuroscience↗