Biology subjects

Lavriha, P.

Publications and source records attributed to Lavriha, P..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Structures of wild-type and selected CMT1X mutant connexin 32 gap junction channels and hemichannels

In myelinating Schwann cells, communication between myelin layers is mediated by gap junction channels (GJC) formed by docked connexin 32 hemichannels (HCs). Mutations in Cx32 cause the X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1X), a degenerative neuropathy with no cure. A molecular link between Cx32 dysfunction and CMT1X pathogenesis is still missing. Here, we describe the high resolution cryo-EM structures of the Cx32 GJC and HC, along with two CMT1X-linked mutants, W3S and R22G. While the structures of wild-type and mutant GJCs are virtually identical, the HCs show a major difference: in the W3S and R22G mutant HCs, the N-terminal helix partially occludes the pore, consistent with an impaired HC activity. Our results suggest that HC dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of CMT1X. One-Sentence SummaryConnexin 32 channel structures reveal a gating helix defect in CMT1X disease-associated mutant hemichannels

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2022

Structure of the connexin-43 gap junction channel reveals a closed sieve-like molecular gate

Gap junction channels (GJCs) mediate intercellular communication by connecting two neighboring cells and enabling direct exchange of ions and small molecules. Cell coupling via connexin-43 (Cx43) GJCs is important in a wide range of cellular processes in health and disease 1-3, yet the structural basis of Cx43 function and regulation has not been determined until now. Here we describe the structure of a human Cx43 GJC solved by cryo-EM and single particle analysis at 2.26 [A] resolution. The pore region of Cx43 GJC features several lipid-like densities per Cx43 monomer, located close to a putative lateral access site at the monomer boundary. We found a previously undescribed conformation on the cytosolic side of the pore, formed by the N-terminal domain and the transmembrane helix 2 of Cx43 and stabilized by a small molecule. Structures of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannels in nanodiscs reveal a similar gate arrangement. The features of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannel cryo-EM maps and the channel properties revealed by molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the captured states of Cx43 are consistent with a closed state.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2021

Structural basis of adenylyl cyclase 9 activation

Adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) is a membrane-bound enzyme that converts ATP into cAMP. The enzyme is weakly activated by forskolin, fully activated by the G protein Gs subunit and is autoinhibited by the AC9 C-terminus. Although our recent structural studies of the AC9-Gs complex provided the framework for understanding AC9 autoinhibition, the conformational changes that AC9 undergoes in response to activator binding remains poorly understood. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of AC9 in several distinct states: (i) AC9 bound to a nucleotide inhibitor MANT-GTP, (ii) bound to an artificial activator (DARPin C4) and MANT-GTP, (iii) bound to DARPin C4 and a nucleotide analogue ATPS, (iv) bound to Gs and MANT-GTP. The artificial activator DARPin C4 partially activates AC9 by binding at a site that overlaps with the Gs binding site. Together with the previously observed occluded and forskolin-bound conformations, structural comparisons of AC9 in the four new conformations show that secondary structure rearrangements in the region surrounding the forskolin binding site are essential for AC9 activation. One Sentence SummaryCryo-EM reveals activator-induced conformational changes in adenylyl cyclase AC9

biochemistry↗