Biology subjects

Kolevic, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Kolevic, L..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Trends in community- and nosocomial-acquired infections of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE): a 10-year prospective observational study.

IntroductionCRE, CPE, and VRE are considered significant threats to public health. AimTo determine trends of nosocomial- and community-acquired infections. MethodsA 10-year prospective observational non-interventional study was conducted. We used time-series analysis to evaluate trends in infections number. FindingsInfection rate (%) were: CRE 2.48 (261/10,533), CPE 1.66 (175/10,533) and VRE 15.9 (121/761). We found diminishing trends for CRE (-19% [-31;-5], P=.03) and CPE (-22% [-30;-8], P=.04) but increasing trend for VRE (+48; [CI95% 34;75], P=.001). While we found decreasing trends for CRE and CPE in emergency (-71 [-122;-25], P=.001; -45 [-92;-27], P=.001) and hospitalization (-127 [-159; -85], P=.001; -56 [-98;-216], P=.01), we found increasing trends for VRE (+148 [113;192], P=.00001; +108[65;152], P=.003). Nosocomial-infections fell in CRE (-238 [-183;-316], P=.0001) and CPE (-163 [-96; -208], P=.001), but rose in VRE (+196 [151;242], P=.0001). We showed increasing trends in ambulatory and community-acquired infections in CRE (+134% [96;189]; P=.001; +77% [52;89]; P= .002), CPE (+288 [226;343]; P=.0001; +21% [-12;46]; P=.0.08) and VRE (+348 [295;458]; P=.0001; +66% [41;83]; P=.003). Direct admitted trends rose in all groups (CRE 16% [-8; 42]; P=.05), CPE 23% [-6; 48] (P=.05) and VRE (+241 [188; 301]; P=.0001). ConclusionsWe found a changing infection pattern with decreasing trends in in-hospital settings and nosocomial-acquired infections but increasing ambulatory and community-acquired infections. The observed increasing-trends in direct-admitted could be explained by community-onset infections diagnosed in the hospital. Our findings highlight the need to identify CRE/CPE/VRE community-acquired infections in ambulatory and in-hospital settings.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Lifetime changes in CD4 count, viral load suppression and adherence among adolescents living with HIV in urban Peru

IntroductionViral load suppression and adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have been shown to be lower in adolescents than in other age groups; however, this relationship has not been documented longitudinally from childhood to adolescence and has rarely been examined outside of high-resource settings and sub-Saharan Africa. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified longitudinal changes in CD4 cell count, viral load suppression, and cART adherence in adolescents living with HIV in urban, Peru.\n\nMethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review among adolescents ages 10-18 years on cART and receiving care at a large, public sector pediatric hospital as of December 2015. We abstracted clinical notes indicating nonadherence and viral load and CD4 counts from childhood to adolescence. We modeled the association between age and each outcome with restricted cubic splines accounting for multiple observations per person, and graphed study outcomes by age.\n\nResultsA median of 7.7 years (25th percentile=4.9, 75th percentile=10.2) of follow up were observed for 128 adolescents. Nearly 70% of patients had at least one nonadherence note and the proportion with nonadherence increased log-linearly with age (p<0.0001). The peak proportion with viral load suppression was 84% (95% CI: 79, 88) at age 13, which dropped to 67% (95% CI: 47, 83) by age 18. Mean CD4 count decreased at age 13, dropping from 723 cells/mm3 (95% CI: 666, 784) to 429 cells/mm3 (95% CI: 356, 517) by age 18.\n\nConclusionThis is the first report from Latin America to examine longitudinal changes in HIV outcomes from childhood into adolescence. Consistent with the limited evidence from other settings, decreases in viral load suppression and mean CD4 count occurred in early adolescence in tandem with increases in nonadherence. Adolescent-friendly cART adherence support interventions to target this critical period are urgently needed.

epidemiology↗