Biology subjects

Klöbl, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Klöbl, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Hedonic experiences emerge from an orchestrated balance of synergistic and redundant information processing

Ketamine exerts rapid-acting, pro-hedonic effects, yet its precise mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present behavioral and fMRI data from a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study in 38 healthy participants investigating ketamines sub-acute effects on multivariate information-processing during music-evoked peak hedonic experiences. Leveraging information-theoretical measures, our findings indicate that hedonic experiences depend on a distinct global (as measured by O-Information) and local (as measured by integrated information) balance between redundant - information shared across nodes - and synergistic - information emerging from joint interactions - processes. As hedonic intensity rises, neural dynamics shift toward greater synergy; with the one exception of a deliberate increase in redundancy particularly for key sensory information to ensure reliable transmission of and access to critical external information for subsequent hedonic processing. In contrast, ketamines sub-acute pro-hedonic effects arise potentially from enhancing redundant dynamics at rest, boosting the brains capability to robustly represent and access critical internal information, and thus, fostering an environment optimized to amplify the phenomenological hedonic experience, while simultaneously allowing for more efficient information integration.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Effects of learning and escitalopram administration on serum BDNF levels, a randomised placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in processes essential for neuroplasticity. Learning and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) foster neuronal reorganization, a mechanism potentially related to BDNF. This study aims to assess the effects of associative learning and escitalopram on serum BDNF (sBDNF) levels, to gain further knowledge on their dynamic interplay. MethodsFor three weeks, 37 participants performed one of two associative learning paradigms with either emotional or semantic content daily. During a subsequent three-week period of reversal learning, subjects either received escitalopram (10mg per day) or placebo. Before and after each learning period sBDNF values were assessed. Citalopram plasma levels were measured at the last time point. Linear mixed effects models (LME) and partial Spearmans rank and Pearson correlations were used for statistical analyses. ResultsOne-way LME resulted in a significant effect of time during the first learning period over both groups (p<0.01). Two-way LME revealed a significant interaction effect of the emotional content learning group and time (p=0.02). Three-way LME (time x reversal learning group x substance) showed no significant effects (all p> 0.05). Furthermore, correlation between citalopram and sBDNF level after three weeks of escitalopram administration exhibit a negative trend (partial Pearson correlation: r=-0.30, p=0.05; partial Spearmans rank: r=-0.22, p=0.15). ConclusionThe results suggest that three weeks of associative emotional content learning affect sBDNF levels, while subsequently assessed citalopram plasma and sBDNF levels tend to correlate negatively. Key PointsO_LIEmotional learning may affect serum BDNF levels in healthy human subjects C_LIO_LIBlood levels of citalopram and serum BDNF exhibit a negative correlation C_LI

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Serotonin modulates learning content-specific neuroplasticity of functional brain networks

Learning-induced neuroplastic changes, further modulated by content and setting, are mirrored in brain functional connectivity (FC). In animal models, serotonergic agents were shown to facilitate neuroplasticity. This is especially prominent during emotional relearning, such as fear extinction, which may translate to clinical improvements in human patients. To investigate this assumption, 99 healthy subjects underwent six weeks of emotional or non-emotional learning and subsequent relearning. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after the learning phases to investigate changes in FC. During relearning, subjects received either a daily dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram or placebo. Escitalopram intake modulated FC changes in a network comprising Brocas area, the medial prefrontal cortex, the right inferior temporal and left lingual gyrus. More specifically, escitalopram increased the bidirectional connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus for non-emotional and additionally the connectivity from medial prefrontal cortex to Brocas area for emotional relearning. The context-dependence of these effects supports the assumption that SSRIs in clinical practice might improve neuroplasticity rather than psychiatric symptoms per se. Correlations with learning behavior further point towards a relationship with extinction processes in relearning. These results demonstrate that escitalopram intake during relearning results in content-dependent network adaptations and support the conclusion that enhanced neuroplasticity might be the major underlying mechanism also in humans. Beyond expanding the complexities of learning, these findings emphasize the influence of external factors on serotonin-facilitated neuroplasticity of the human brain.

neuroscience↗