Kleim, B. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2025

War Trauma Impairs Prenatal Brain Development: Evidence from Genetically-Informed Brain Imaging

The global rise in armed conflicts has raised concerns about their long-term consequences. While the immediate mental and physical impacts of war are well documented, the effects on unborn children of expecting mothers remain poorly understood. Here, we leverage a large dataset (N=37,856) combining historical World War II bombing records with brain imaging and genetic data to examine whether in-utero exposure to air raids is associated with lasting differences in adult brain structure, cognition, and physical health. Using a pre-registered quasi-experimental design controlling for genetic and environmental factors, we find that exposure during the last trimester within 2 km of bombings is associated with lower gray matter volume, which partially mediates adverse effects on intelligence and obesity. These findings suggest a plausible pathway linking prenatal trauma to long-term differences in neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes, underscoring the vulnerability of the fetal brain to acute stress and highlighting the importance of protecting pregnant women during armed conflicts.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Effective psychological treatment for PTSD changes the dynamics of specific large-scale brain networks

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWVery little is known about the role of effective cognitive therapy in reversing imbalances in brain activity after trauma. We hypothesised that exaggerated threat perception characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and subsequent recovery from this disorder, are underpinned by changes in the dynamics of large-scale brain networks. Here, we use a novel data-driven approach with high temporal precision to find recurring brain networks from fMRI data and estimate when these networks become active during exposure to either trauma reminders or neutral pictures. We found that PTSD patients spend less time in two default mode sub-networks in contrast to trauma-exposed healthy controls, and that PTSD symptom severity correlates positively with time spent in the salience network during exposure to trauma reminders. The former are important for different aspects of self-referential processing and the latter for detection of threat. Importantly, the decreased time in the default mode sub-networks is rebalanced after successful cognitive therapy for PTSD. Our results show that remittance of PTSD through trauma-focused cognitive therapy is associated with the successful reinstatement of a healthy balance in self-referential and threat detection brain networks.

neuroscience↗