Identification of hippocampal area CA2 in hamster and vole brain
Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and Syrian, or golden, hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are closely related to mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus, for example) and are commonly used in studies of social behavior including social interaction, social memory, and aggression. The CA2 region of the hippocampus is known to play a key role in social memory and aggression in mice and responds to social stimuli in rats, likely owing to its high expression of oxytocin and vasopressin 1b receptors. However, CA2 has yet to be identified and characterized in hamsters or voles. In this study, we sought to determine whether CA2 could be identified molecularly in vole and hamster. To do this, we used immunofluorescence with primary antibodies raised against known molecular markers of CA2 in mice and rats to stain hippocampal sections from voles and hamsters in parallel with those from mice. Here, we report that, like in mouse and rat, staining for many CA2 proteins in vole and hamster hippocampus reveals a population of neurons that express regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), which together delineate the borders with CA3 and CA1. These cells were located at the distal end of the mossy fiber projections, marked by the presence of Zinc Transporter 3 (ZnT-3) and calbindin in all three species. In addition to staining the mossy fibers, calbindin also labeled a layer of CA1 pyramidal cells in mouse and hamster but not in vole. However, Wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein (WFS1) immunofluorescence, which marks all CA1 neurons, was present in all three species and abutted the distal end of CA2, marked by RGS14 immunofluorescence. Staining for two stress hormone receptors--the glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors--was also similar in all three species, with GR staining found primarily in CA1 and MR staining enriched in CA2. Interestingly, although perineuronal nets (PNNs) are known to surround CA2 cells in mouse and rat, we found that staining for PNNs differed across species in that both CA2 and CA3 showed staining in voles and primarily CA3 in hamsters with only some neurons in proximal CA2 showing staining. These results demonstrate that, like in mouse, CA2 in voles and hamsters can be molecularly distinguished from neighboring CA1 and CA3 areas, but PNN staining is less useful for identifying CA2 in the latter two species. These findings reveal commonalities across species in molecular profile of CA2, which will facilitate future studies of CA2 in these species. Yet to be determined is how differences in PNNs might relate to differences in social behavior across species.