Biology subjects

Kholmanskiy, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Kholmanskiy, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Thermo- and photoreceptors of eyes as regulators of circadian rhythm and glymphatic system

The dynamics of hydrogen bonds in bulk and hydrated water affected the activation energies of temperature dependence of ion currents of voltage-dependent channels that regulate communication and trophic bonds in the neuropil of the cortical parenchyma. The physics of minimizing of isobaric heat capacity of water made it possible to explain stabilization and functional optimization of thermodynamics of eyeball fluids at 34.5 {degrees}C and human brain during sleep at 36.5 {degrees}C. At these temperatures, thermoreceptors of cornea and cells of ganglionic layer of the retina, through connections with suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland, switch brain metabolism from daytime to nighttime modes. The phylogenesis of circadian rhythm was reflected in dependence of duration of nighttime sleep of mammals on diameter of eyeball, mass of pineal gland, and density of neurons in parenchyma of cortex. The activity of all nerves of eyeball led to division of nocturnal sleep into slow and fast phases. These phases correspond to two modes of glymphatic system - electrochemical and dynamic. The first is responsible for relaxation processes of synaptic plasticity and chemical neutralization of toxins with participation of water and melatonin. Rapid eye movement and an increase in cerebral blood flow in second mode increase water exchange in parenchyma and flush out toxins into venous system.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2023

Connection of brain glymphatic system with circadian rhythm

To establish the relationship between the glymphatic system of the brain and the circadian rhythm, we analyzed the effect of anomalies in water thermodynamics on the dependence of the dynamic, electrical, and optical characteristics of physiological fluids on temperature. The dynamics of hydrogen bonds in bulk and hydrated water affected the activation energies of ion currents of voltage-dependent channels that regulate signaling and trophic bonds in the neuropil of the cortical parenchyma. The physics of minimizing the of the isobaric heat capacity of water made it possible to explain the stabilization and functional optimization of the thermodynamics of eyeball fluids at 34.5 {degrees}C and the human brain during sleep at 36.5 {degrees}C. At these temperatures, the thermoreceptors of the cornea and the cells of the ganglionic layer of the retina, through connections with the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the pineal gland, switch the circadian rhythm from daytime to nighttime. The phylogenesis of the circadian rhythm was reflected in the dependence of the duration of the nighttime sleep of mammals on the diameter of the eyeball and the mass of the pineal gland. The activity of all the nerves of the eyeball led to the division of the nocturnal brain metabolism into NREM and REM phases. These phases correspond to two modes of the glymphatic system electrochemical and dynamic. The first is responsible for the relaxation processes of synaptic plasticity and chemical neutralization of toxins with the participation of water and melatonin. Rapid eye movement and an increase in cerebral blood flow in the second mode increase water exchange in the parenchyma and flush out toxins into the venous system. Electrophysics of clearance and conductivity of ionic and water channels of membranes of blood vessels and astrocytes modulate oscillations of polarization potentials of water dipole domains in parietal plasma layers of arterioles and capillaries.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2021

Thermal stimulation neurophysiology of pressure phosphenes

To investigate effect on the intensity of pressure phosphenes (PP) of various methods of heating hands, as well as manual influence on cervical spine. This study included subjective assessments of the PP intensity in 10 healthy men, and chronometry of bioelectrical activity of brain and heart using electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). EEG and ECG frequency spectra respond synchronously to pressure, heat and light. The time of excitation of potential oscillations in the visual area of the cortex of both hemispheres is consistent with the delay in the onset of PP flaring. The effect of PP stimulation is enhanced when the hands and body are heated in a humid environment and at temperatures above 42 {degrees}C. Stimulation of PP by heating indicates the convergence of impulses from neurons of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) and nuclei of the thalamus, which are responsible for thermoreceptors in the skin of the palms and fingers. The thermal stimulation effect of PP is enhanced at temperatures above 42 {degrees}C due to the fact that thermoreceptors work as pain receptors. The mechanism of PP generation is dominated by the processes of redistribution and recombination of charges in the layers of the retina and LGB.

biophysics↗