Khanum, F. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2022

Folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity and bioavailability in Wistar rats

The study aims to develop folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (FA-Chi-NPs) as the vitamin is sensitive to heat and light and to investigate the safety of FA-Chi-NPs in vitro and in vivo. The prepared formulation showed an average diameter of 191.7 {+/-} 2 nm with a zeta potential of + 52 {+/-} 4 mV and PDI of 0.195 {+/-} 0.03. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 80%. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that FA-Chi-NPs had no cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells. Acute-toxicity and subacute-toxicity of FA-Chi-NPs (0.4, 2, and 4 mg/kg body weight) revealed no mortality, and no gross morphological abnormalities were noticed. There were no dose-dependent toxic effects of free folic acid (FA) and FA-Chi-NPs in haematological, histological, plasma biochemical indices, oxidative stress enzymes, or other parameters when compared to the control group(s). The plasma and tissue levels of FA from FA-Chi-NPs were significantly higher. Results demonstrated enhanced bioavailability of FA from FA-Chi-NPs with no toxicity. Practical applicationsIn the current study, nanoencapsulation is used as a potential approach to enhance folic acid bioavailability. The results showed that encapsulating folic acid in chitosan improved bioavailability with no apparent adverse effects, and thus chitosan could be a promising polymer for safe folic acid delivery.

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2021

Significance of the Wnt canonical pathway in radiotoxicity via oxidative stress of electron beam radiation and its molecular control in mice

Radiation triggers the cell death events through signaling proteins, but the combined mechanism of events is unexplored. We intend to investigate how the combined cascade works throughout the radiation process and its significance over radiotoxicity. Thirty adult mice were irradiated with electron beam radiation, and five were served as a control (Non treated). Mice were sacrificed after post 24 hours and 30 days of irradiation. We assessed the oxidative stress parameter and mRNA profile (Liver, Kidney, spleen, and germ cells), sperm viability, and motility. The mRNA profile study established the network of combined cascade work during radiation to combat oxidative response and cell survival. The quantitative examination of mRNA uncovers unique critical changes in all mRNA levels in all the cases, particularly in germ cells. Recuperation was likewise seen in post 30 days radiation in the liver, spleen, and kidney followed by oxidative stress parameters, however not in germ cells. It proposes reproductive physiology is exceptionally sensitive towards radiation, even at the molecular level. It also suggests the suppression of Lef1/axin2 could be the main reason for permanent failure in the sperm function process. Post irradiation likewise influences the morphology of sperms. The decrease in mRNA level of Lef1, Axin2, survivin, Ku70 suggests radiation inhibits the Wnt canonical pathway and failure in DNA repair mechanism in a coupled manner. Likewise, the increase in BAX and BCL2 suggests apoptosis activation followed by the decreased expression of enzymatic antioxidants. In summary, controlled several interlinked cascades execute when body exposure to radiation may further be used in a study to counterpart and better comprehend medication focus on radiation treatment.

molecular biology↗