Biology subjects

Josephs, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Josephs, T..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Characterisation of novel bacteriophages against the cattle pathogen Moraxella bovis

BackgroundInfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is the most important cattle ocular disease worldwide. The infection is primarily caused by Moraxella bovis and is a highly contagious disease that significantly affects cattle welfare. Currently, antibiotic medication is the primary treatment for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. However, with rising concerns over antibiotic resistance, we propose developing a more targeted therapeutic strategy using bacteriophages (phages). Materials and MethodsWe have isolated the first known Moraxella bovis phages, characterised them according to their genome sequence, local virulence index and with transmission electron microscopy. The host ranges were assessed using 41 clinical M. bovis strains isolated from infected cows. ResultsFour phages were isolated and characterised. Comparative analysis identified a high degree of genomic similarity between the phages MB15, MB16, MB26 and MB43. MB43 was the most distinct, with the smallest host range phenotype. ConclusionsThe isolated phages show therapeutic potential for further development against Moraxella infections.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Rolling out plaque-2-sequence: a single plaque sequencing approach enabling rapid, low-cost sequencing of phages directly from plaques

Rapid, accurate, and scalable sequencing of bacteriophage genomes is critical to advance phage therapy, build phage biobanks and understand phage genomic diversity. Current methods are based on sequencing and assembling complete bacteriophage genomes using short- or long-read technologies. However, current protocols require large DNA input and are cost prohibitive which limits their application to phage collections that typically are large and have low-biomass. In order to address this we have developed plaque-2-sequence, a robust and cost-effective workflow for high-throughput phage genome sequencing that will transform the speed and cost of attaining phage genomes. Plaque-2-sequence combines low-input transposase-based library preparation, amplification, nanopore sequencing and optimised assembly steps tailored to phage genomes. We applied the method to phages isolated on seven genetically diverse bacterial hosts; Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Synechococcus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella , Serratia and Enterobacter. High quality genome assemblies were validated using CheckV and benchmarking against previously sequenced phage isolates. Compared to standard Illumina sequencing, plaque-2-sequence offers [~]10-fold savings in sequencing price for individual labs. Furthermore, it substantially decreases the time required to produce a phage genome, once a plaque is obtained. Offering the ability to routinely obtain hundreds of phage genome sequences a week, with minimal hands-on time. Plaque-2-sequence enables systematic genomic characterisation of phage isolates, facilitating taxonomic classification, for the development of large scale phage biobanks. Impact StatementHere we have optimised a method for high-throughput sequencing of bacteriophage genomes from single plaques (plaque-2-sequence). We present a robust, high-throughput and cost-effective workflow. Plaque-2-sequence combines low-input transposase-based library preparation, amplification, nanopore sequencing and optimised assembly steps tailored to phage genomes. We demonstrate the scalability of this approach by sequencing over 100 phages from multiple bacterial hosts. This marks a step-change for the field, allowing phage genome sequencing to keep pace with phage isolation rates, and transforming how rapidly we can explore and understand phage genomic diversity.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Development of antibacterial drug plus bacteriophage combination assays

SynopsisO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSThe methods to evaluate the interactions between Phages and antibacterials are unclear. As the laboratory methodologies used to assess conventional antibacterials are well established, we asseassed their efficacy in evaluating phage plus antibacterial. Methods100 multidrug resistant E. coli strains were used with three previously isolated and characterised E. coli phages of known efficacy. These phages UP17, JK08, 113 were assessed both individually and in a 1:1:1cocktail. In a Phage Microbial Inhibitory Concentration (PmIC) assay, a range of phage concentrations from 101 -108 were inoculated with 5x105/well bacteria in microtitre plates. The first lysed, clear well was taken as the PmIC. Amikacin(AMI) and meropenem(MERO) MICs were determined by microbroth dilution methods(ISO 2776-1:2019) and in combination AMI and MERO MICs were measured with a fixed Phage concentration of 105/well. MICs were performed in triplicate. Time-Kill curves(TKC) were conducted at fosfomycin concentrations of 133, 50 and 5mg/L with and without phage. ResultsThe PmIC50/90 for UP17 were >108/>108; JK08 107/>108; 113 107/>108 and the 1:1:1 cocktail 106/>108. AMI MIC50/90 were 0.5/>16 and MERO 0.12/>16mg/L. The addition of UP17 to AMI increased AMI MICs >2 fold in 78 strains. Equivalent increases in AMI MIC were seen with 39 strains with JK08, 54 strains with 113 and 45 strains with the cocktails. In contrast, meropenem MICs in the presence of phage were reduced >2 fold in 24 strains with UP17. Equivalent decreases in MERO MIC were seen with 34 strains with JK08, 26 strains with 113 and 29 strains with the cocktails. In TKCs addition of phage suppressed regrowth. ConclusionMicrobroth methodologies based on ISO 2776-1:2019 and TKCs allow the interaction between Phages and antibacterials to be studied. Optimisation may produce laboratory-based methods with translational value.

microbiology↗